SynthesisEpidemiologic reviews2009
Is segregation bad for your health?
Synthesis in Epidemiologic reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 268 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
268 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural racism and adverse maternal health outcomes: A systematic review.Health & place · 2022Pooled it
- Culturally Sensitive Interventions in Pediatric Primary Care Settings: A Systematic Review.Pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Racial Segregation Across U.S. Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review of Measurement and Outcomes.The Gerontologist · 2020Pooled it
- Gentrification, Neighborhood Change, and Population Health: a Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Urban Neighborhood and Residential Factors Associated with Breast Cancer in African American Women: a Systematic Review.Hormones & cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: A systematic review of study characteristics.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2016Pooled it
- Racialized Economic Segregation and Disparities in the Risk of Stillbirth.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The pivotal role of the food service industry in alleviating urban segregation and boosting city vitality.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Locus of control moderates the effects of residential segregation on everyday functioning in Black older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Upstream Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Black- and Minority-Serving Hospitals.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Exploring racial and ethnic diversity trajectories and diabetes prevalence in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Racial-Ethnic Residential Segregation and Sleep Health among US Adults: Associations by Race and Ethnicity, Sex/Gender, and Neighborhood-Level Poverty.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Life course neighborhood conditions and change: a 20-year examination of neighborhood context and associations with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in late life.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Mediating Pathways Between Neighborhood Structural Investment and Cardiometabolic Health Across U.S. Cities.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- The Influence of Structural Factors and Telemedicine on Missed Appointments Among Medicaid-Insured Patients.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A preconception cohort study of historical mortgage lending discrimination and present-day fecundability.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Historical redlining, breast cancer survival, and the mediating and modifying role of contemporary neighborhood socioeconomic conditions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Interaction of Racial-Ethnic and Economic Concentration and its Association with Premature Mortality in U.S. Neighborhoods.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
208 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For decades, racial residential segregation has been observed to vary with health outcomes for African Americans, although only recently has interest increased in the public health literature. Utilizing a systematic review of the health and social science literature, the authors consider the segregation-health association through the lens of 4 questions of interest to epidemiologists: How is segregation best measured? Is the segregation-health association socially or biologically plausible? What evidence is there of segregation-health associations? Is segregation a modifiable risk factor? Thirty-nine identified studies test an association between segregation and health outcomes. The health effects of segregation are relatively consistent, but complex. Isolation segregation is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and increased mortality for blacks, but several studies report health-protective effects of living in clustered black neighborhoods net of social and economic isolation. The majority of reviewed studies are cross-sectional and use coarse measures of segregation. Future work should extend recent developments in measuring and conceptualizing segregation in a multilevel framework, build upon the findings and challenges in the neighborhood-effects literature, and utilize longitudinal data sources to illuminate opportunities for public health action to reduce racial disparities in disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.