ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2009
Interstitial flow promotes vascular fibroblast, myofibroblast, and smooth muscle cell motility in 3-D collagen I via upregulation of MMP-1.
Article in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydraulic Pressure-Programmed Molecular Transport in Tough Hydrogels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Multicellularity, Culture Duration, and Hydrogel Stiffness Guide Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Contractility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Interstitial fluid flow in an engineered human lymph node stroma model modulates T cell egress and stromal change.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Cancer metastasis through the lymphatic versus blood vessels.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- MMP-14 Exhibits Greater Expression, Content and Activity Compared to MMP-15 in Human Renal Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Interstitial Fluid Shear Stress Induces the Synthetic Phenotype Switching of VSMCs to Release Pro-calcified Extracellular Vesicles via EGFR-MAPK-KLF5 Pathway.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Cancer cell response to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cue: opportunities for tumor apoptosis strategies.Regenerative biomaterials · 2024Review
- Higher Content but No Specific Activity in Gelatinase B (MMP-9) Compared with Gelatinase A (MMP-2) in Human Renal Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3DAPL bioengineering · 2023Review
- Optimizing the Porohyperelastic Response of a Layered Compliance Matched Vascular Graft to Promote Luminal Self-Cleaning.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2023Article
- Applied Electric Fields Polarize Initiation and Growth of Endothelial Sprouts.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Mechanical regulation of the early stages of angiogenesis.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Review
- Improvement of the cell viability of hepatocytes cultured in three-dimensional collagen gels using pump-free perfusion driven by water level difference.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Higher Content but Not Activity of Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) in Comparison to Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) in Human Renal Carcinoma.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis via the lymphatic versus the blood vessels.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2022Review
- Generation of stable advective-diffusive chemokine gradients in a three-dimensional hydrogel.AIP advances · 2022Article
- Glycocalyx mechanotransduction mechanisms are involved in renal cancer metastasis.Matrix biology plus · 2022Article
- Interstitial flow enhances the formation, connectivity, and function of 3D brain microvascular networks generated within a microfluidic device.Lab on a chip · 2021Article
- Design considerations for engineering 3D models to study vascular pathologies in vitro.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neointima formation often occurs in regions where the endothelium has been damaged and the transmural interstitial flow is elevated. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (FBs/MFBs) contribute to intimal thickening by migrating from the media and adventitia into the site of injury. In this study, for the first time, the direct effects of interstitial flow on SMC and FB/MFB migration were investigated in an in vitro three-dimensional system. Collagen I gels were used to mimic three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) for rat aortic SMCs and FBs/MFBs. Exposure to interstitial flow induced by 1 cmH(2)O pressure differential (shear stress, approximately 0.05 dyn/cm(2); flow velocity, approximately 0.5 microm/s; and Darcy permeability, approximately 10(-11) cm(2)) substantially enhanced cell motility. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (GM-6001) abolished flow-induced migration augmentation, which suggested that the enhanced motility was MMP dependent. The upregulation of MMP-1 played a critical role for the flow-enhanced motility, which was further confirmed by silencing MMP-1 gene expression. Longer exposures to higher flows suppressed the number of migrated cells, although MMP-1 gene expression remained high. This suppression was a result of both flow-induced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 upregulation and increased apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Interstitial flow did not affect MMP-2 gene expression or activity in the collagen I gel for any cell type. Our findings shed light on the mechanism by which vascular SMCs and FBs/MFBs contribute to intimal thickening in regions of vascular injury where interstitial flow is elevated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.