ArticleVirology2009
Hepatitis B virus HBx protein localized to the nucleus restores HBx-deficient virus replication in HepG2 cells and in vivo in hydrodynamically-injected mice.
Article in Virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamics and Sensitivity of the Lifecycle of Hepatitis B Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- HBx interacts with the host YBX3 protein and up-regulates its expression to mediate efficient Hepatitis B viral replication.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Conserved Yet Divergent Smc5/6 Complex Degradation by Mammalian Hepatitis B Virus X Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- JunB-HBZ nuclear translocation by TGF-β is a key driver in HTLV-1-mediated leukemogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Intrinsically Disordered Region of HBx and Virus-Host Interactions: Uncovering New Therapeutic Approaches for HBV and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Reactive Oxygen Species Induction by Hepatitis B Virus: Implications for Viral Replication in p53-Positive Human Hepatoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- SCD1 inhibits HBV replication by regulating autophagy under high lipid conditions.Virus genes · 2023Article
- Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Downregulating HBx Levels via Siah-1-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation in Human Hepatoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- All-Viruses · 2023Article
- Pre- and Post-Transcriptional Control of HBV Gene Expression: The Road Traveled towards the New Paradigm of HBx, Its Isoforms, and Their Diverse Functions.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Article
- Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Expression Is Tightly Regulated by N6-Methyladenosine Modification of Its mRNA.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Canonical and Divergent N-Terminal HBx Isoform Proteins Unveiled: Characteristics and Roles during HBV Replication.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Molecular pathways in viral hepatitis-associated liver carcinogenesis: An update.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- Impact of the Interaction of Hepatitis B Virus with Mitochondria and Associated Proteins.Viruses · 2020Review
- PreS1 Mutations Alter the Large HBsAg Antigenicity of a Hepatitis B Virus Strain Isolated in Bangladesh.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Spatiotemporal Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein in Primary Human Hepatocytes.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Stimulates Virus Replication Via DNA Methylation of the C-1619 in Covalently Closed Circular DNA.Molecules and cells · 2019Article
- Episomal HBV persistence within transcribed host nuclear chromatin compartments involves HBx.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Identifying the requirements for the regulatory HBx protein in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is an important goal. A plasmid-based HBV replication assay was used to evaluate whether HBx subcellular localization influences its ability to promote virus replication, as measured by real time PCR quantitation of viral capsid-associated DNA. HBx targeted to the nucleus by a nuclear localization signal (NLS-HBx) was able to restore HBx-deficient HBV replication, while HBx containing a nuclear export signal (NES-HBx) was not. Both NLS-HBx and NES-HBx were expressed at similar levels (by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting), and proper localization of the signal sequence-tagged proteins was confirmed by deconvolution microscopy using HBx, NLS-HBx, and NES-HBx proteins fused to GFP. Importantly, these findings were confirmed in vivo by hydrodynamic injection into mice. Our results demonstrate that in these HBV replication assays, at least one function of HBx requires its localization to the nucleus.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.