ArticleVaccine2009
The mast cell activator compound 48/80 is safe and effective when used as an adjuvant for intradermal immunization with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen.
Article in Vaccine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Broadly active intranasal influenza vaccine with a nanocomplex particulate adjuvant targeting mast cells and toll-like receptor 9.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Nasal immunization with compound 48/80-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccines is an effective strategy to induce pertussis-specific systemic and mucosal immunity.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Mast cell activators as adjuvants for intranasal mucosal vaccines.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- DNA Methylation Negatively Regulates Gene Expression of Key Cytokines Secreted by BMMCs Recognizing FMDV-VLPs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Delivery of small molecule mast cell activators for West Nile Virus vaccination using acetalated dextran microparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Development of a broadly active influenza intranasal vaccine adjuvanted with self-assembled particles composed of mastoparan-7 and CpG.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Harnessing the Power of Mast Cells in unconventional Immunotherapy Strategies and Vaccine Adjuvants.Cells · 2020Review
- Review
- Novel mucosal adjuvant, mastoparan-7, improves cocaine vaccine efficacy.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Optimized Mucosal Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Prime/Soluble gp120 Boost HIV Vaccination Regimen Induces Antibody Responses Similar to Those of an Intramuscular Regimen.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Angiogenic Host Defense Peptide AG-30/5C and Bradykinin BJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Chitosan Plus Compound 48/80: Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation as a Hepatitis B Vaccine Adjuvant.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Mast cell activators as novel immune regulators.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Mast cells partially contribute to mucosal adjuvanticity of surfactin in mice.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2018Article
- Unimpaired Responses to Vaccination With Protein Antigen Plus Adjuvant in Mice With Kit-Independent Mast Cell Deficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Frontline Science: Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 1 is a critical modulator of mast cell degranulation and stress-induced pathophysiology.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2017Article
- Mast cell activator compound 48/40 is not an effective adjuvant for UV-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine.Parasitology research · 2017Article
- Inducing Mucosal IgA: A Challenge for Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Review
- Sublingual targeting of STING with 3'3'-cGAMP promotes systemic and mucosal immunity against anthrax toxins.Vaccine · 2017Article
- Roles of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 on mast cell-mediated host defense, pseudoallergic drug reactions, and chronic inflammatory diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the mast cell activator compound 48/80 (C48/80) when used as an adjuvant delivered intradermally (ID) with recombinant anthrax protective antigen (rPA) in comparison with two well-known adjuvants. Mice were vaccinated in the ear pinnae with rPA or rPA+C48/80, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG), or cholera toxin (CT). All adjuvants induced similar increases in serum anti-rPA IgG and lethal toxin neutralizing antibodies. C48/80 induced a balanced cytokine production (Th1/Th2/Th17) by antigen-restimulated splenocytes, minimal injection site inflammation, and no antigen-specific IgE. Histological analysis demonstrated that vaccination with C48/80 reduced the number of resident mast cells and induced an injection site neutrophil influx within 24h. Our data demonstrate that C48/80 is a safe and effective adjuvant, when used by the intradermal route, to induce protective antibody and balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 responses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.