ReviewVaccine2009
Meningococcal carriage and disease--population biology and evolution.
Review in Vaccine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 211 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 374 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive Meningococcal Disease on the Workplaces: a systematic review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2017Pooled it
- Genomic analysis of Neisseria meningitidis carriage isolates during an outbreak of serogroup C clonal complex 11, Tuscany, Italy.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Meningococcal polysaccharide A O-acetylation levels do not impact the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine: results from a randomized, controlled phase III study of healthy adults aged 18 to 25 years.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Trial
- Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Evolving Epidemiology and Implications for Prevention Policy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Emergence of short-lived meningococci causing focal epidemics can be associated with gene transfer from carriage-associatedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factor of Meningococcal Carriers of Indonesian Umrah Pilgrims.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Ongoing Outbreak ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Meningococcal Outbreaks in Tertiary Education Settings in the United Kingdom: Lessons from the 2026 Kent Cluster for Surveillance, Vaccination Policy, and Institutional Preparedness in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Narrative Review.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Modeling the transmission dynamics of endemic meningitis: stability analysis and long-term persistence.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic Typing of Meningococcal Carriage Isolates in an Urban Sexual Health Clinic.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Graph-based and molecular modeling approaches to identify TpiA as a noval therapeutic target in Neisseria meningitidis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Changing Clinical Spectrum of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in France (2014-2025): Impact of Age and Meningococcal Lineage on Atypical Presentations.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Gene exchange betweenMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- The CRISPR/Cas-associated scaRNA modulatesmicroLife · 2026Article
- Safety Profile of the 4CMenB (BexseroVaccines · 2025Review
- Nasopharyngeal carriage and risk factors of major meningitis pathogens among asymptomatic healthcare workers in paediatric units in Benin, with serogroup distribution of Neisseria meningitidis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Inactivation of the porB gene reduces the virulence of Neisseria meningitidis in transgenic mice.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Direct whole-genome sequencing enables strain typing of unculturableMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Pilus-mediated co-aggregation with Lactobacillus crispatus increases meningococcal susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by interfering with microcolony formation.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Meningococcal disease occurs worldwide with incidence rates varying from 1 to 1000 cases per 100,000. The causative organism, Neisseria meningitidis, is an obligate commensal of humans, which normally colonizes the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract without causing invasive disease, a phenomenon known as carriage. Studies using molecular methods have demonstrated the extensive genetic diversity of meningocococci isolated from carriers, in contrast to a limited number of genetic types, known as the hyperinvasive lineages, associated with invasive disease. Population and evolutionary models that invoke positive selection can be used to resolve the apparent paradox of virulent lineages persisting during the global spread of a non-clonal and normally commensal bacterium. The application of insights gained from studies of meningococcal population biology and evolution is important in understanding the spread of disease, as well as in vaccine development and implementation, especially with regard to the challenge of producing comprehensive vaccines based on sub-capsular antigens and measuring their effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.