ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2009
Wolbachia lipoprotein stimulates innate and adaptive immunity through Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 to induce disease manifestations of filariasis.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antifilarial treatment strategies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Albendazole alone or in combination with microfilaricidal drugs for lymphatic filariasis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systems analysis-based assessment of post-treatment adverse events in lymphatic filariasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Retarded Onchocerca volvulus L1 to L3 larval development in the Simulium damnosum vector after anti-wolbachial treatment of the human host.Parasites & vectors · 2012Trial
- The history of Wolbachia and heartworm.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Mechanistic basis of LolDF-mediated lipoprotein transport in Acinetobacter.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Onchocerciasis overview: pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and therapeutic challenges of a neglected tropical disease.Frontiers in parasitology · 2026Review
- Cappable-Seq reveals the transcriptional landscape of stress responses in the bacterial endosymbiontMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Comparative development of human filariaeFrontiers in tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- A Light in the Dark: Uncovering Wolbachia-Host Interactions Using Fluorescence Imaging.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Essential role ofInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Identification of an Essential LolD-Like Protein in Helicobacter pylori.Journal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- A highly divergentProceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Structural basis of lipoprotein recognition by the bacterial Lol trafficking chaperone LolA.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Crude protein fraction with high thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzyme activity from filarial parasite Setaria cervi counters lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- The Immunological Role of Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Filarial Infections.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria have been implicated in the inflammatory pathogenesis of filariasis. Inflammation induced by Brugia malayi female worm extract (BMFE) is dependent on Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 (TLR2/6) with only a partial requirement for TLR1. Removal of Wolbachia, lipids, or proteins eliminates all inflammatory activity. Wolbachia bacteria contain the lipoprotein biosynthesis genes Ltg and LspA but not Lnt, suggesting Wolbachia proteins cannot be triacylated, accounting for recognition by TLR2/6. Lipoprotein databases revealed 3-11 potential lipoproteins from Wolbachia. Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) and Type IV secretion system-VirB6 were consistently predicted, and B. malayi Wolbachia PAL (wBmPAL) was selected for functional characterization. Diacylated 20-mer peptides of wBmPAL (Diacyl Wolbachia lipopeptide (Diacyl WoLP)) showed a near identical TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 usage compared with BMFE and bound directly to TLR2. Diacyl WoLP induced systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and neutrophil-mediated keratitis in mice. Diacyl WoLP activated monocytes induce up-regulation of gp38 on human lymphatic endothelial cells and induced dendritic cell maturation and activation. Dendritic cells primed with BMFE generated a non-polarized Th1/Th2 CD4+ T cell profile, whereas priming with Wolbachia depleted extracts (following tetracycline treatment; BMFEtet) polarized to a Th2 profile that could be reversed by reconstitution with Diacyl WoLP. BMFE generated IgG1 and IgG2c antibody responses, whereas BMFEtet or inoculation of TLR2 or MyD88-/- mice produced defective IgG2c responses. Thus, in addition to innate inflammatory activation, Wolbachia lipoproteins drive interferon-gamma-dependent CD4+ T cell polarization and antibody switching.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.