Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19458020›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2009

Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Deirdre K Banel, Frank B Hu

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02210767 (Effects of Walnuts on Central Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness Indices, Lipoproteins, and Other CVD Risk Factors), which is not on this map. Cited by 99 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
99citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02210767 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Walnuts on Central Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness Indices, Lipoproteins, and Other CVD Risk Factors

TypeinterventionalSponsorPenn State UniversityRan2014 to 2018Enrolled46ConditionsCardiovascular DiseaseArmsWalnut Diet, Walnut Control Diet, Low ALA Diet
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

99 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  11. Nut consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
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39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Deirdre K BanelDepartment of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. dbanel@hsph.harvard.edu
Frank B Hu

Funding

DIETARY PATTERNS AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASER01HL060712 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI HU, FRANK B, QI, QIBIN · 1998 to 2021
$8.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS HL60712NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL060712
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConsumption of nuts has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease events and death. Walnuts in particular have a unique profile: they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may improve blood lipids and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.

objectivesWe aimed to conduct a literature review and a meta-analysis to combine the results from several trials and to estimate the effect of walnuts on blood lipids.

designLiterature databases were searched for published trials that compared a specifically walnut-enhanced diet with a control diet. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of weighted mean differences (WMDs) of lipid outcomes.

resultsThirteen studies representing 365 participants were included in the analysis. Diets lasted 4-24 wk with walnuts providing 10-24% of total calories. When compared with control diets, diets supplemented with walnuts resulted in a significantly greater decrease in total cholesterol and in LDL-cholesterol concentrations (total cholesterol: WMD = -10.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001; LDL cholesterol: WMD = -9.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001). HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly affected by walnut diets more than with control diets (HDL cholesterol: WMD = -0.2, P = 0.8; triglycerides: WMD = -3.9, P = 0.3). Other results reported in the trials indicated that walnuts provided significant benefits for certain antioxidant capacity and inflammatory markers and had no adverse effects on body weight [body mass index (kg/m(2)): WMD = -0.4, P = 0.5; weight (kg): WMD = -0.05, P = 0.97].

conclusionsOverall, high-walnut-enriched diets significantly decreased total and LDL cholesterol for the duration of the short-term trials. Larger and longer-term trials are needed to address the effects of walnut consumption on cardiovascular risk and body weight.

Indexed as

JuglansCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolCholesterol, LDLDietFemaleHumansLipidsMaleReference ValuesRisk FactorsCholesterolCholesterol, LDLLipids

Identifiers

PMID19458020
PMCPMC2696995

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.