ArticleJournal of virology2009
Restriction of equine infectious anemia virus by equine APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Development of a Broad-Spectrum Antigen-Capture ELISA Using Combined Anti-p26 Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Review
- Host cell restriction factors of equine infectious anemia virus.Virologica Sinica · 2023Review
- Mutagenic Activity of AID/APOBEC Deaminases in Antiviral Defense and Carcinogenesis.Molecular biology · 2022Article
- RNA editing in the forefront of epitranscriptomics and human health.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Review
- Prospects in Innate Immune Responses as Potential Control Strategies against Non-Primate Lentiviruses.Viruses · 2018Review
- APOBEC3-mediated restriction of RNA virus replication.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A conflict of interest: the evolutionary arms race between mammalian APOBEC3 and lentiviral Vif.Retrovirology · 2017Review
- Clues for two-step virion infectivity factor regulation by core binding factor beta.The Journal of general virology · 2017Article
- A putative antiviral role of plant cytidine deaminases.F1000Research · 2017Article
- In Vivo Examination of Mouse APOBEC3- and Human APOBEC3A- and APOBEC3G-Mediated Restriction of Parvovirus and Herpesvirus Infection in Mouse Models.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Determinants of FIV and HIV Vif sensitivity of feline APOBEC3 restriction factors.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Natural polymorphisms in human APOBEC3H and HIV-1 Vif combine in primary T lymphocytes to affect viral G-to-A mutation levels and infectivity.PLoS genetics · 2014Article
- Human LINE-1 restriction by APOBEC3C is deaminase independent and mediated by an ORF1p interaction that affects LINE reverse transcriptase activity.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Equine tetherin blocks retrovirus release and its activity is antagonized by equine infectious anemia virus envelope protein.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the overall codon usage patterns in equine infectious anemia virus.Virology journal · 2013Article
- Murine leukemia virus glycosylated Gag blocks apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 and cytosolic sensor access to the reverse transcription complex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Running loose or getting lost: how HIV-1 counters and capitalizes on APOBEC3-induced mutagenesis through its Vif protein.Viruses · 2012Review
- An ancient history of gene duplications, fusions and losses in the evolution of APOBEC3 mutators in mammals.BMC evolutionary biology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mammalian APOBEC3 (A3) proteins comprise a multigene family of cytidine deaminases that act as potent inhibitors of retroviruses and retrotransposons. The A3 locus on the chromosome 28 of the horse genome contains multiple A3 genes: two copies of A3Z1, five copies of A3Z2, and a single copy of A3Z3, indicating a complex evolution of multiple gene duplications. We have cloned and analyzed for expression the different equine A3 genes and examined as well the subcellular distribution of the corresponding proteins. Additionally, we have tested the functional antiretroviral activity of the equine and of several of the human and nonprimate A3 proteins against the Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), the Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and the Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2). Hematopoietic cells of horses express at least five different A3s: A3Z1b, A3Z2a-Z2b, A3Z2c-Z2d, A3Z2e, and A3Z3, whereas circulating macrophages, the natural target of EIAV, express only part of the A3 repertoire. The five A3Z2 tandem copies arose after three consecutive, recent duplication events in the horse lineage, after the split between Equidae and Carnivora. The duplicated genes show different antiviral activities against different viruses: equine A3Z3 and A3Z2c-Z2d are potent inhibitors of EIAV while equine A3Z1b, A3Z2a-Z2b, A3Z2e showed only weak anti-EIAV activity. Equine A3Z1b and A3Z3 restricted AAV and all equine A3s, except A3Z1b, inhibited SIV. We hypothesize that the horse A3 genes are undergoing a process of subfunctionalization in their respective viral specificities, which might provide the evolutionary advantage for keeping five copies of the original gene.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.