ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Differential recruitment of limb patterning genes during development and diversification of beetle horns.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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82 citing papers in PubMed, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Transcriptomic basis underlying the evolution of female horn plasticity in scarab beetles.Frontiers in zoology · 2026Article
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- Transcriptomic exploration of the Coleopteran wings reveals insight into the evolution of novel structures associated with the beetle elytron.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2023Article
- To stripe or not to stripe: the origin of a novel foliar pigmentation pattern in monkeyflowers (Mimulus).The New phytologist · 2023Article
- Developmental bias in the evolution and plasticity of beetle horn shape.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Body Size Indicators for Morphological Analyses in Two Sister Species of Genus Dorcus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae).Journal of insect science (Online) · 2022Article
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The origins of novel complex phenotypes represent one of the most fundamental, yet largely unresolved, issues in evolutionary biology. Here we explore the developmental genetic regulation of beetle horns, a class of traits that lacks obvious homology to traits in other insects. Furthermore, beetle horns are remarkably diverse in their expression, including sexual dimorphisms, male dimorphisms, and interspecific differences in location of horn expression. At the same time, beetle horns share aspects of their development with that of more traditional appendages. We used larval RNA interference-mediated gene function analysis of 3 cardinal insect appendage patterning genes, dachshund, homothorax, and Distal-less, to investigate their role in development and diversification of beetle horns within and between species. Transcript depletion of all 3 patterning genes generated phenotypic effects very similar to those documented in previous studies that focused on general insect development. In addition, we found that Distal-less and homothorax, but not dachshund, regulate horn expression in a species-, sex-, body region-, and body size-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate differential co-option of appendage patterning genes during the evolution and radiation of beetle horns. Furthermore, our results illustrate that regulatory genes whose functions are otherwise highly conserved nevertheless retain the capacity to acquire additional functions, and that little phylogenetic distance appears necessary for the evolution of sex- and species-specific differences in these functions.
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