ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Surfactant protein D increases phagocytosis of hypocapsular Cryptococcus neoformans by murine macrophages and enhances fungal survival.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detection and Quantification of Cryptococcus Uptake by Phagocytic Cells Using Imaging Flow Cytometry.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Influence of Pathogen Carbon Metabolism on Interactions With Host Immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Surfactant Proteins A/D-CD14 on Alveolar Macrophages Is a Common Pathway Associated With Phagocytosis of Nanomaterials and Cytokine Production.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- CD47 decline in pancreatic islet cells promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis in type I diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2020Article
- Collectins: Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Molecules.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2020Review
- Surfactant Protein D Recognizes Multiple Fungal Ligands: A Key Step to Initiate and Intensify the Anti-fungal Host Defense.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- An Automated Assay to Measure Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans.Current protocols in microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Pathogenic Fungal Infection in the Lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- The Interaction of Human Pathogenic Fungi With C-Type Lectin Receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Cryptococcus-Epithelial Interactions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Innate Immune Responses toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, in respiratory fungal infections: their role in the inflammatory response.Respiratory research · 2016Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans: Tripping on Acid in the Phagolysosome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Heteroresistance to Itraconazole Alters the Morphology and Increases the Virulence of Cryptococcus gattii.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii during cryptococcosis.Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · 2015Review
- Dectin-2 deficiency promotes Th2 response and mucin production in the lungs after pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Dancing cheek to cheek: Cryptococcus neoformans and phagocytes.SpringerPlus · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a facultative intracellular opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of fungal meningitis in humans. In the absence of a protective cellular immune response, the inhalation of C. neoformans cells or spores results in pulmonary infection. C. neoformans cells produce a polysaccharide capsule composed predominantly of glucuronoxylomannan, which constitutes approximately 90% of the capsular material. In the lungs, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-D contribute to immune defense by facilitating the aggregation, uptake, and killing of many microorganisms by phagocytic cells. We hypothesized that SP-D plays a role in C. neoformans pathogenesis by binding to and enhancing the phagocytosis of the yeast. Here, the abilities of SP-D to bind to and facilitate the phagocytosis and survival of the wild-type encapsulated strain H99 and the cap59Delta mutant hypocapsular strain are assessed. SP-D binding to cap59Delta mutant cells was approximately sixfold greater than binding to wild-type cells. SP-D enhanced the phagocytosis of cap59Delta cells by approximately fourfold in vitro. To investigate SP-D binding in vivo, SP-D(-/-) mice were intranasally inoculated with Alexa Fluor 488-labeled cap59Delta or H99 cells. By confocal microscopy, a greater number of phagocytosed C. neoformans cells in wild-type mice than in SP-D(-/-) mice was observed, consistent with in vitro data. Interestingly, SP-D protected C. neoformans cells against macrophage-mediated defense mechanisms in vitro, as demonstrated by an analysis of fungal viability using a CFU assay. These findings provide evidence that C. neoformans subverts host defense mechanisms involving surfactant, establishing a novel virulence paradigm that may be targeted for therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.