ArticleVaccine2009
In vivo and in vitro adjuvant activities of the B subunit of Type IIb heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-IIb-B5) from Escherichia coli.
Article in Vaccine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin induces cell death and disrupts effector functions in porcine monocytes.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Adjuvants for COVID-19 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Type IIb Heat Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit as a Mucosal Adjuvant to Enhance Protective Immunity against H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Various Adjuvants Effect on Immunogenicity of Puumala Virus Vaccine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Hemagglutinin Fused with the A Subunit of Type IIbVaccines · 2019Article
- Down-regulated Treg cells in exacerbated periodontal disease during pregnancy.International immunopharmacology · 2019Article
- Differential capacity for complement receptor-mediated immune evasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis depending on the type of innate leukocyte.Molecular oral microbiology · 2017Article
- Coinjection with TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 reduces the pathology of leishmanization in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin type A induces TLR2-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- Type II heat-labile enterotoxins: structure, function, and immunomodulatory properties.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2013Review
- Article
- Structure-activity correlations of variant forms of the B pentamer of Escherichia coli type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIb with Toll-like receptor 2 binding.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography · 2012Article
- The design of new adjuvants for mucosal immunity to Neisseria meningitidis B in nasally primed neonatal mice for adult immune response.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2012Article
- Article
- Enhancing oral vaccine potency by targeting intestinal M cells.PLoS pathogens · 2010Review
- Identification of novel synthetic toll-like receptor 2 agonists by high throughput screening.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pentameric B subunit of the Escherichia coli LT-IIb enterotoxin (LT-IIb-B(5)) activates TLR2 signaling in macrophages. Herein we demonstrate that LT-IIb-B(5), in contrast to a TLR2-nonbinding point mutant, induces functional activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and stimulates CD4(+) T cell proliferation, activities which suggested that LT-IIb-B(5) might function as an adjuvant in vivo. Indeed, in an intranasal mouse immunization model, LT-IIb-B(5) augmented specific mucosal and serum antibody responses to a co-administered immunogen, at levels which were almost comparable to those induced by intact LT-IIb holotoxin, a potent but toxic adjuvant. Therefore, LT-IIb-B(5) displays useful adjuvant properties which, combined with lack of enterotoxicity and relative stability against degradation, may find application in mucosal vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.