ReviewBioFactors (Oxford, England)
Physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation.
Review in BioFactors (Oxford, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 475 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Genes Expressed in Hyperpigmented Skin Using Meta-Analysis of Microarray Data Sets.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- The first clinical experience on efficacy of topical flutamide on melasma compared with topical hydroquinone: a randomized clinical trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Trial
- Bioactive Lipid Mediator Resolvin D5 Suppresses Melanogenesis in α-MSH-Stimulated B16F10 Cells via ROS-Associated p38/β-Catenin/MITF Regulation.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- AP2: an indispensable host factor in virus infection.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Genetic Pigmentary Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Review
- Characterization of mouse melanocytes reveals ultrastructural and immunological insights into the inner ear function.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Unveiling estrogen's role: a comprehensive review of its impact on skin health and disease.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of the Multi-Target Mechanisms of Glabridin in Skin Lightening.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Lyophilized Cell-Free Supernatants ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Recent advances in gene delivery for melanocyte-associated disorders.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Not by Selection Alone: Expanding the Scope of Gene-Culture Coevolution.Evolutionary anthropology · 2025Review
- Article
- Lipidome Complexity in Physiological and Pathological Skin Pigmentation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hair regrowth in alopecia areata and re-pigmentation in vitiligo in response to treatment: Commonalities and differences.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Review
- Comparative in vitro and in silico evaluation of the toxic effects of metformin and/or ascorbic acid, new treatment options in the treatment of Melasma.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- DNA Methylation and Transcriptome Profiling Reveal the Role of the Antioxidant Pathway and Lipid Metabolism inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of lifestyle, physiological factors, and body composition with the facial skin microbiota in acne vulgaris.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Genetic profiling and precision skin care: a review.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Review
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
More than 150 genes have been identified that affect skin color either directly or indirectly, and we review current understanding of physiological factors that regulate skin pigmentation. We focus on melanosome biogenesis, transport and transfer, melanogenic regulators in melanocytes, and factors derived from keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hormones, inflammatory cells, and nerves. Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC-1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins. The main structural component of melanosomes is Pmel17/gp100/Silv, whose sorting involves adaptor protein 1A (AP1A), AP1B, AP2, and spectrin, as well as a chaperone-like component, MART-1. During their maturation, melanosomes move from the perinuclear area toward the plasma membrane. Microtubules, dynein, kinesin, actin filaments, Rab27a, melanophilin, myosin Va, and Slp2-a are involved in melanosome transport. Foxn1 and p53 up-regulate skin pigmentation via bFGF and POMC derivatives including alpha-MSH and ACTH, respectively. Other critical factors that affect skin pigmentation include MC1R, CREB, ASP, MITF, PAX3, SOX9/10, LEF-1/TCF, PAR-2, DKK1, SCF, HGF, GM-CSF, endothelin-1, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, neurotrophins, and neuropeptides. UV radiation up-regulates most factors that increase melanogenesis. Further studies will elucidate the currently unknown functions of many other pigment genes/proteins. (c) 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.