Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19448650›Full record

ReviewActa pharmacologica Sinica2009

Alpha-conotoxins as pharmacological probes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Layla Azam, J Michael McIntosh

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Developing broad brains: the importance of an early introduction to evolutionary thinking in undergraduate neuroscience programs.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. An N-Terminally Elongated Peptide From Conus rolani Defines a New Class of Ribbon α-Conotoxins Targeting Muscle nAChRs.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. "Unraveling the role ofReceptors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Prey Shifts Drive Venom Evolution in Cone Snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Analogs of α-conotoxin PnIC selectively inhibit α7β2- over α7-only subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors via a novel allosteric mechanism.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Layla AzamDepartment of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. layla.azam@utah.edu
J Michael McIntosh
University of Utah · US

Funding

Venoms, Biological Resources, Molecular BiologyP01GM048677 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI YOSHIKAMI, DOJU · 1993 to 2018
$32.2M
Novel Neuronal nAChR-Targeted PeptidesR01MH053631 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI MCINTOSH, J MICHAEL · 2001 to 2011
$3.6M
Characterization of nAChRs using novel alpha-conotoxinsF32DA016835 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI AZAM, LAYLA · 2003 to 2005
$142k
NOVEL NEURONAL NACHR-TARGETED PEPTIDESR29MH053631 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI MCINTOSH, J MICHAEL · 1996 to 2000
$107k
NIDA NIH HHS DA 016835NIDA NIH HHS F32 DA016835NIGMS NIH HHS P01 GM048677NIMH NIH HHS MH 53631NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH053631NIMH NIH HHS R29 MH053631
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cysteine-rich peptides from the venom of cone snails (Conus) target a wide variety of different ion channels. One family of conopeptides, the alpha-conotoxins, specifically target different isoforms of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) found both in the neuromuscular junction and central nervous system. This family is further divided into subfamilies based on the number of amino acids between cysteine residues. The exquisite subtype selectivity of certain alpha-conotoxins has been key to the characterization of native nAChR isoforms involved in modulation of neurotransmitter release, the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and nociception. Structure/function characterization of alpha-conotoxins has led to the development of analogs with improved potency and/or subtype selectivity. Cyclization of the backbone structure and addition of lipophilic moieties has led to improved stability and bioavailability of alpha-conotoxins, thus paving the way for orally available therapeutics. The recent advances in phylogeny, exogenomics and molecular modeling promises the discovery of an even greater number of alpha-conotoxins and analogs with improved selectivity for specific subtypes of nAChRs.

Indexed as

AnimalsCentral Nervous SystemConotoxinsConus SnailDrug Delivery SystemsHumansNeuromuscular JunctionPainParkinson DiseaseProtein IsoformsReceptors, NicotinicConotoxinsProtein IsoformsReceptors, Nicotinic

Identifiers

PMID19448650
PMCPMC2814007
OpenAlexW2041812461

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.