Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2009
HIV disease progression by hormonal contraceptive method: secondary analysis of a randomized trial.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Guideline
- A systematic review of contraceptive continuation among women living with HIV.Contraception · 2018Pooled it
- Safety of intrauterine devices among women with HIV: a systematic review.Contraception · 2016Pooled it
- Copper containing intra-uterine devices versus depot progestogens for contraception.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2010Pooled it
- Effect of Depot Medoxyprogesterone Acetate on Immune Functions and Inflammatory Markers of HIV-Infected Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Factors associated with prognostic or treatment outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with and without hypertension in Eswatini.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms.Endocrine reviews · 2018Review
- Current and future contraceptive options for women living with HIV.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2018Review
- Drug-Drug Interactions, Effectiveness, and Safety of Hormonal Contraceptives in Women Living with HIV.Drug safety · 2016Review
- 5α-reduced progestogens ameliorate mood-related behavioral pathology, neurotoxicity, and microgliosis associated with exposure to HIV-1 Tat.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2016Article
- What's new for antiretroviral treatment in women with HIV.Journal of virus eradication · 2016Article
- Hormonal Contraception, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Risk of HIV Disease Progression Among Zambian Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Associations of hormonal contraceptive use with measures of HIV disease progression and antiretroviral therapy effectiveness.Contraception · 2016Article
- Medical eligibility, contraceptive choice, and intrauterine device acceptance among HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy in Lilongwe, Malawi.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2014Article
- Progesterone protects normative anxiety-like responding among ovariectomized female mice that conditionally express the HIV-1 regulatory protein, Tat, in the CNS.Hormones and behavior · 2014Article
- Hormonal contraceptive use and discontinuation among HIV-infected women in Uganda and Zimbabwe.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Hormonal contraceptive use and risk of HIV-1 disease progression.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Article
- Article
- Responses to hepatitis A virus vaccine in HIV-infected women: effect of hormonal contraceptives and HIV disease characteristics.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Article
- Preconception and contraceptive care for women living with HIV.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-infected women need access to safe contraception. We hypothesized that women using depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraception would have faster HIV disease progression than women using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and nonhormonal methods.
methodsIn a previously reported trial, we randomized 599 HIV-infected women to the intrauterine device (IUD) or hormonal contraception. Women randomized to hormonal contraception chose between OCPs and DMPA. This analysis investigates the relationship between exposure to hormonal contraception and HIV disease progression [defined as death, becoming eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART), or both].
resultsOf the 595 women not on ART at the time of randomization, 302 were allocated to hormonal contraception, of whom 190 (63%) initiated DMPA and 112 (37%) initiated OCPs. Women starting IUD, OCPs, or DMPA were similar at baseline. Compared with women using the IUD, the adjusted hazard of death was not significantly increased among women using OCPs [1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-3.63] or DMPA (1.83; 95% CI 0.82-4.08). However, women using OCPs (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.69; 95% CI 1.09-2.64) or DMPA (AHR 1.56; 95% CI 1.08-2.26) trended toward an increased likelihood of becoming eligible for ART. Women exposed to OCPs (AHR 1.67; 95% CI 1.10-2.51) and DMPA (AHR 1.62; 95% CI 1.16-2.28) also had an increased hazard of meeting our composite disease progression outcome (death or becoming ART eligible) than women using the IUD.
conclusionIn this secondary analysis, exposure to OCPs or DMPA was associated with HIV disease progression among women not yet on ART. This finding, if confirmed elsewhere, would have global implications and requires urgent further investigation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.