ReviewHormones and behavior2009
The organizational hypothesis and final common pathways: Sexual differentiation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A 3D Atlas of Visceral and Somatic Pelvic Motor Neurons in Whole Mounts of Female and Male Rat Spinal Cords.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2025Article
- DNA methylation and demethylation shape sexual differentiation of neurochemical phenotype.Hormones and behavior · 2023Article
- Adult Neural Plasticity in Naked Mole-Rats: Implications of Fossoriality, Longevity and Sociality on the Brain's Capacity for Change.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Neonatal Inhibition of DNA Methylation Alters Cell Phenotype in Sexually Dimorphic Regions of the Mouse Brain.Endocrinology · 2017Article
- Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the mammalian nervous system.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2016Review
- Gonadectomy before puberty increases the number of neurons and glia in the medial prefrontal cortex of female, but not male, rats.Developmental psychobiology · 2015Article
- Sex and exercise interact to alter the expression of anabolic androgenic steroid-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the mouse.Hormones and behavior · 2014Article
- Sexually dimorphic nuclei in the spinal cord control male sexual functions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Review
- Reduced expression of androgen receptor and myosin heavy chain mRNA in cremaster muscle of boys with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism.The Journal of urology · 2012Article
- Location, location, location: genetic regulation of neural sex differences.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2012Review
- Turning sex inside-out: Peripheral contributions to sexual differentiation of the central nervous system.Biology of sex differences · 2012Article
- Sex differences in the brain: the not so inconvenient truth.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012Review
- Vocal pathway degradation in gonadectomized Xenopus laevis adults.Journal of neurophysiology · 2011Article
- Sex differences in the brain: the relation between structure and function.Hormones and behavior · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
In honor of the 50th anniversary of the "organizational hypothesis," this paper reviews work on sexual differentiation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Topics considered include the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus, the ejaculation center, the cremaster nucleus, sensory and autonomic neurons, and pain. These relatively simple neural systems offer ample confirmation that early exposure to testicular hormones masculinizes the nervous system, including final common pathways. However, I also discuss findings that challenge, or at least stretch, the organizational hypothesis, with important implications for understanding sex differences throughout the nervous system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.