ArticleMolecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI2009
Multiple activities of the plant pathogen type III effector proteins WtsE and AvrE require WxxxE motifs.
Article in Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2026Review
- The conserved AvrE family of bacterial effectors: functions and targets during pathogenesis.Trends in microbiology · 2025Review
- Characterization of Virulence Function of Pseudomonas cichorii Avirulence Protein E1 (AvrE1) during Host Plant Infection.The plant pathology journal · 2021Article
- What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Type III Secretion System of Beneficial RhizobacteriaFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
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- An anti-cancer WxxxE-containing azurin polypeptide inhibits Rac1-dependent STAT3 and ERK/GSK-3β signaling in breast cancer cells.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Maize Homologs of CCoAOMT and HCT, Two Key Enzymes in Lignin Biosynthesis, Form Complexes with the NLR Rp1 Protein to Modulate the Defense Response.Plant physiology · 2016Article
- Direct and Indirect Targeting of PP2A by Conserved Bacterial Type-III Effector Proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Yeast as a Heterologous Model System to Uncover Type III Effector Function.PLoS pathogens · 2016Review
- The AvrE superfamily: ancestral type III effectors involved in suppression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity.Molecular plant pathology · 2015Review
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- Perturbation of maize phenylpropanoid metabolism by an AvrE family type III effector from Pantoea stewartii.Plant physiology · 2015Article
- Functional Analysis of Plant Defense Suppression and Activation by the Xanthomonas Core Type III Effector XopX.Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · 2015Article
- Virulence determinants of Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses in the context of a small type III effector repertoire.BMC microbiology · 2014Article
- Potential of known and short prokaryotic protein motifs as a basis for novel peptide-based antibacterial therapeutics: a computational survey.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Article
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- The bacterial effector DspA/E is toxic in Arabidopsis thaliana and is required for multiplication and survival of fire blight pathogen.Molecular plant pathology · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The broadly conserved AvrE-family of type III effectors from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria includes important virulence factors, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which these effectors function inside plant cells to promote disease. We have identified two conserved motifs in AvrE-family effectors: a WxxxE motif and a putative C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention/retrieval signal (ERMRS). The WxxxE and ERMRS motifs are both required for the virulence activities of WtsE and AvrE, which are major virulence factors of the corn pathogen Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii and the tomato or Arabidopsis pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, respectively. The WxxxE and the predicted ERMRS motifs are also required for other biological activities of WtsE, including elicitation of the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants and suppression of defense responses in Arabidopsis. A family of type III effectors from mammalian bacterial pathogens requires WxxxE and subcellular targeting motifs for virulence functions that involve their ability to mimic activated G-proteins. The conservation of related motifs and their necessity for the function of type III effectors from plant pathogens indicates that disturbing host pathways by mimicking activated host G-proteins may be a virulence mechanism employed by plant pathogens as well.
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