ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2009
In silico preclinical trials: a proof of concept in closed-loop control of type 1 diabetes.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 245 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Assessment of a Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System
Patient Empowerment Through Predictive Personalised Decision Support (PEPPER)
The Bio-Inspired Artificial Pancreas for the Home
Patient Empowerment Through Predictive Personalised Decision Support(PEPPER)-Validation Study.
Who cites it
245 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 743 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans: A Quantitative Overview.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Analyzing the Potential of Advanced Insulin Dosing Strategies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From a Hybrid In Silico Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Trial
- Artificial Pancreas: Clinical Study in Latin America Without Premeal Insulin Boluses.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Trial
- Early Detection of Infusion Set Failure During Insulin Pump Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2016Trial
- Randomized Crossover Comparison of Personalized MPC and PID Control Algorithms for the Artificial Pancreas.Diabetes care · 2016Trial
- Modelling endogenous insulin concentration in type 2 diabetes during closed-loop insulin delivery.Biomedical engineering online · 2015Trial
- Adding heart rate signal to a control-to-range artificial pancreas system improves the protection against hypoglycemia during exercise in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2014Trial
- Robust fault detection system for insulin pump therapy using continuous glucose monitoring.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2012Trial
- Fully integrated artificial pancreas in type 1 diabetes: modular closed-loop glucose control maintains near normoglycemia.Diabetes · 2012Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and postprandial glycemic excursions following insulin lispro delivered by intradermal microneedle or subcutaneous infusion.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2012Trial
- Modeling ovarian hormone effects on glucose-insulin control in type 1 diabetes.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Validating medical digital twins for clinical decision support: beyond predictive accuracy.JAMIA open · 2026Review
- Human-in-the-loop AI predictive digital twin to extend virtual precision diabetes care between visits.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Cross-fusion of digital twins and artificial intelligence in diabetes: from mechanistic elucidation to full-cycle precision management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Pre-Ramadan time-below-range stratifies the simulated pump basal-rate dose-response during Ramadan fasting: a five-policy paired virtual-patient study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- AI-powered in silico twins: redefining precision medicine through simulation, personalization, and predictive healthcare.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Review
- Modeling the effect of glucagon on endogenous glucose production in healthy individuals under meal-like conditions.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- An overview of the t:slim X2 and Mobi insulin pumps with Control-IQ technology: patient safety and device efficacy.Expert review of medical devices · 2025Review
- Smart closed-loop drug delivery systems.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Privacy-Preserving Glycemic Management in Type 1 Diabetes: Development and Validation of a Multiobjective Federated Reinforcement Learning Framework.JMIR diabetes · 2025Article
185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Arguably, a minimally invasive system using subcutaneous (s.c.) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and s.c. insulin delivery via insulin pump would be a most feasible step to closed-loop control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Consequently, diabetes technology is focusing on developing an artificial pancreas using control algorithms to link CGM with s.c. insulin delivery. The future development of the artificial pancreas will be greatly accelerated by employing mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Realistic computer simulation is capable of providing invaluable information about the safety and the limitations of closed-loop control algorithms, guiding clinical studies, and out-ruling ineffective control scenarios in a cost-effective manner. Thus computer simulation testing of closed-loop control algorithms is regarded as a prerequisite to clinical trials of the artificial pancreas. In this paper, we present a system for in silico testing of control algorithms that has three principal components: (1) a large cohort of n=300 simulated "subjects" (n=100 adults, 100 adolescents, and 100 children) based on real individuals' data and spanning the observed variability of key metabolic parameters in the general population of people with T1DM; (2) a simulator of CGM sensor errors representative of Freestyle Navigator™, Guardian RT, or Dexcom™ STS™, 7-day sensor; and (3) a simulator of discrete s.c. insulin delivery via OmniPod Insulin Management System or Deltec Cozmo(®) insulin pump. The system has been shown to represent adequate glucose fluctuations in T1DM observed during meal challenges, and has been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration as a substitute to animal trials in the preclinical testing of closed-loop control strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.