Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2009
Contingency management and motivational enhancement: a randomized clinical trial for college student smokers.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- Drug delivery strategies for the treatment of relapse behavior in substance use disorder- A systematic review.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Smoking-Cessation Interventions for U.S. Young Adults: Updated Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Competitions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Personal financial incentives for changing habitual health-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Preventive medicine · 2015Pooled it
- The impact of incentives on exercise behavior: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Contingency management for college student smokers: The role of drinking as a moderator and mediator of smoking abstinence during treatment.Addictive behaviors · 2018Trial
- Impact of Small Monetary Incentives on Exercise in University Students.American journal of health behavior · 2015Trial
- Financial incentives for abstinence among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals in smoking cessation treatment.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Effects of contingency management and bupropion on cigarette smoking in smokers with schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2011Trial
- Bupropion SR and contingency management for adolescent smoking cessation.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2011Trial
- Contingency Management for Drug Use Disorders: Meta-Analysis and Application of Tolin's Criteria.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- An Integrated mHealth App for Smoking Cessation in Black Smokers With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- The effectiveness of tobacco cessation programs for university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Review
- An Integrated mHealth App for Smoking Cessation in Black Smokers With Anxiety: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Mobile contingency management for smoking cessation among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults: Protocol for a randomized trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Self-efficacy as a mediator of patient navigation interventions to engage persons living with HIV and substance use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe efficacy of contingency-management (CM) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for college student smoking cessation was examined.
methodsNontreatment-seeking daily smokers (N = 110) were randomly assigned to 3 weeks of CM versus noncontingent reinforcement (NR) and to three individual sessions of MET versus a relaxation control in a 2 x 2 experimental design. Expired carbon monoxide (CO) samples were collected twice daily for 3 weeks. Participants earned 5 US dollars for providing each sample; additionally, those randomized to CM earned escalating monetary rewards based on CO reductions (Week 1) and smoking abstinence (Weeks 2-3).
resultsCompared with NR, CM resulted in significantly lower CO levels and greater total and consecutive abstinence during the intervention. Those in the CM and MET groups reported greater interest in quitting smoking posttreatment, but rates of confirmed abstinence at follow-up were very low (4% at 6-month follow-up) and did not differ by group. DISCUSSION: Findings support the short-term efficacy of CM for reducing smoking among college students. Future research should explore enhancements to CM in this population, including a longer intervention period and the recruitment of smokers who are motivated to quit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.