ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2009
Regulatory role of TLR ligands on the activation of autoreactive T cells by retinal astrocytes.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune responses in retinal gene therapy: challenges, mechanisms, and future strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effect of Cannabidiol in LPS-Induced Toxicity in Astrocytes: Possible Role for Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Article
- Damage-associated Molecular Patterns in Clinical and Animal Models of Uveitis.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2022Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Exacerbates Colitis Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Viruses · 2021Article
- Short chain fatty acids inhibit endotoxin-induced uveitis and inflammatory responses of retinal astrocytes.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Article
- AAVProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- The Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mildly Affects the Structure and Function in the Adult Mouse Retina.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Toll-like receptors 4, 5, 6 and 7 are constitutively expressed in non-human primate retinal neurons.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2018Article
- Caveolins and caveolae in ocular physiology and pathophysiology.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2017Review
- The role of Toll-like receptors in retinal ischemic diseases.International journal of ophthalmology · 2016Review
- Association of the TLR4 signaling pathway in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2015Article
- HMGB1 is an early and critical mediator in an animal model of uveitis induced by IRBP-specific T cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2014Article
- The unfolded protein response and diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2014Review
- Exosomes from retinal astrocytes contain antiangiogenic components that inhibit laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- The expression of Toll-like receptors in murine Müller cells, the glial cells in retina.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2013Article
- Muller glia in retinal innate immunity: a perspective on their roles in endophthalmitis.Critical reviews in immunology · 2013Review
- Interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in the development of non-infectious uveitis.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2012Review
- Retinal astrocytes pretreated with NOD2 and TLR2 ligands activate uveitogenic T cells.PloS one · 2012Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation: mechanisms and implications in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands regulate the activation of retinal astrocytes (RACs) and the possible role of RACs in the polarization of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-specific T cells.
methodsTLR expression on RACs isolated from C57BL/6 mice was examined using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The ability of RACs before or after treatment with TLR ligands to interact with T cells was assessed by measuring major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine production. The stimulatory effect of RACs, with or without TLR stimulation, on responder IRBP-specific T cells was examined by T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and disease-inducing ability.
resultsCultured mouse RACs expressed TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4. Different TLR ligands had distinct stimulatory effects on RACs. PolyI:C (a TLR3 ligand) had the greatest effect in stimulating RACs to acquire antigen-presentation function, whereas BLP (a TLR2 ligand) had the lowest effect. TLR3 ligation increased the expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules and induced the production of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-23 by RACs. IRBP-specific T cells activated by polyI:C-treated RACs expanded vigorously, produced significant amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-17, and induced experimental autoimmune uveitis when injected into naive mice.
conclusionsThe stimulatory effect of RACs on autoreactive T cells is regulated by TLR ligands. TLR3 had a marked effect on the ability of RACs to promote the activation of Th1 and Th17 IRBP-specific T cells. Thus, exposure to microbial antigen(s) may alter susceptibility to autoimmune uveitis by promoting the activation of autoreactive T cells.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.