ArticleNucleic acids research2009
Characterization of sINR, a strict version of the Initiator core promoter element.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative analysis of transcription start site selection reveals control by DNA sequence, RNA polymerase II activity and NTP levels.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Pervasive and CpG-dependent promoter-like characteristics of transcribed enhancers.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Article
- The human initiator is a distinct and abundant element that is precisely positioned in focused core promoters.Genes & development · 2017Article
- DTIE, a novel core promoter element that directs start site selection in TATA-less genes.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- Two functional lupus-associated BLK promoter variants control cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific transcription.American journal of human genetics · 2014Article
- Improved knockout methodology reveals that frog virus 3 mutants lacking either the 18K immediate-early gene or the truncated vIF-2alpha gene are defective for replication and growth in vivo.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Highly redundant function of multiple AT-rich sequences as core promoter elements in the TATA-less RPS5 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Nucleic acids research · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The proximal promoter consists of binding sites for transcription regulators and a core promoter. We identified an overrepresented motif in the proximal promoter of human genes with an Initiator (INR) positional bias. The core of the motif fits the INR consensus but its sequence is more strict and flanked by additional conserved sequences. This strict INR (sINR) is enriched in TATA-less genes that belong to specific functional categories. Analysis of the sINR-containing DHX9 and ATP5F1 genes showed that the entire sINR sequence, including the strict core and the conserved flanking sequences, is important for transcription. A conventional INR sequence could not substitute for DHX9 sINR whereas, sINR could replace a conventional INR. The minimal region required to create the major TSS of the DHX9 promoter includes the sINR and an upstream Sp1 site. In a heterologous context, sINR substituted for the TATA box when positioned downstream to several Sp1 sites. Consistent with that the majority of sINR promoters contain at least one Sp1 site. Thus, sINR is a TATA-less-specific INR that functions in cooperation with Sp1. These findings support the idea that the INR is a family of related core promoter motifs.
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