Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2009
Educational disadvantage and cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01801384 (Phase 2 Study of the Efficacy of Voucher-Based Incentives to Treat Pregnant Smokers), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2 Study of the Efficacy of Voucher-Based Incentives to Treat Pregnant Smokers
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Competitions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Pilot randomized clinical trial examining use of very low nicotine content cigarettes during pregnancy in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Preventing Postpartum Smoking Relapse: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2016Trial
- Does impulsiveness moderate response to financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant and newly postpartum women?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Examining two different schedules of financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant women.Preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Illicit drug use among pregnant women enrolled in treatment for cigarette smoking cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Trial
- Smoking cessation and relapse among pregnant African-American smokers in Washington, DC.Maternal and child health journal · 2011Trial
- Associations of maternal alcohol and non-prescribed substance use with early child growth.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- Determinants of tobacco use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model.PloS one · 2024Article
- Examining the latent factor structure of a hypothetical cigarette purchase task among pregnant women.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Correlates of continued cannabis use during pregnancy.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Does the Trimester of Smoking Matter in the Association between Prenatal Smoking and the Risk of Early Childhood Caries?Caries research · 2021Article
- Negotiating cancer preventative health behaviours and adapting to motherhood: the role of technology in supporting positive health behaviours.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2020Article
- Prenatal smoking and the risk of early childhood caries: A prospective cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Reasons for non-medical use of prescription opioids among young adults: Role of educational status.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Prevalence and patterns of cigarette smoking before and during early and late pregnancy according to maternal characteristics: the first national data based on the 2003 birth certificate revision, United States, 2016.Reproductive health · 2019Article
- Voucher-Based Contingency Management is Efficacious but Underutilized in Treating Addictions.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- Understanding individual differences in vulnerability to cigarette smoking is enhanced by attention to the intersection of common risk factors.Preventive medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined the influence of education on smoking status in a cohort (n=316) of pregnant women who were smokers at the time they learned of the current pregnancy. Subjects were participants in clinical trials examining the efficacy of monetary-based incentives for smoking-cessation and relapse prevention. In multivariate analyses, educational achievement was a robust predictor of smoking status upon entering prenatal care, of achieving abstinence antepartum among those still smoking at entry into prenatal care, and of smoking status at 6-month postpartum in the entire cohort and the subsample who received smoking-cessation treatment. In addition to educational attainment, other predictors of smoking status included smoking-related characteristics (e.g., number of cigarettes/day smoked pre-pregnancy), treatment, maternal age, and stress ratings. We suggest that strategies to increase educational attainment be included with more conventional tobacco-control policies in efforts to reduce smoking among girls and young women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.