ArticlePloS one2009
The Phytophthora sojae avirulence locus Avr3c encodes a multi-copy RXLR effector with sequence polymorphisms among pathogen strains.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Rare Recombination in the Phytophthora sojae Genome Allows the Redefinition of a Major Avirulence Gene.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Targeted capture and cloning of Rps6 reveal redundancy in soybean resistance genes.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Development and application of aFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Transcriptome analysis ofFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Progress and Challenges in Elucidating the Functional Role of Effectors in the Soybean-Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Ancient variation of theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- RXLR effector gene Avr3a from Phytophthora sojae is recognized by Rps8 in soybean.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
- Mutations in PpAGO3 Lead to Enhanced Virulence ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Molecular mechanisms ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Rapid sequence evolution driven by transposable elements at a virulence locus in a fungal wheat pathogen.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Mutations in the Promoter and Coding Regions ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Expression of several Phytophthora cinnamomi putative RxLRs provides evidence for virulence roles in avocado.PloS one · 2021Article
- Transcriptional profile of genes involved in the production of terpenes and glyceollins in response to biotic stresses in soybean.Genetics and molecular biology · 2020Article
- Genomic Investigation of the Strawberry PathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Arms race: diverse effector proteins with conserved motifs.Plant signaling & behavior · 2019Article
- The Nuclear-Localized RxLR Effector PvAvh74 FromFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Whole Genome Re-sequencing Reveals Natural Variation and Adaptive Evolution ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Functional Analysis of PsAvr3c Effector Family FromFrontiers in plant science · 2018Article
- An oomycete plant pathogen reprograms host pre-mRNA splicing to subvert immunity.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Genome sequence of Plasmopara viticola and insight into the pathogenic mechanism.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Root and stem rot disease of soybean is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae. The avirulence (Avr) genes of P. sojae control race-cultivar compatibility. In this study, we identify the P. sojae Avr3c gene and show that it encodes a predicted RXLR effector protein of 220 amino acids. Sequence and transcriptional data were compared for predicted RXLR effectors occurring in the vicinity of Avr4/6, as genetic linkage of Avr3c and Avr4/6 was previously suggested. Mapping of DNA markers in a F(2) population was performed to determine whether selected RXLR effector genes co-segregate with the Avr3c phenotype. The results pointed to one RXLR candidate gene as likely to encode Avr3c. This was verified by testing selected genes by a co-bombardment assay on soybean plants with Rps3c, thus demonstrating functionality and confirming the identity of Avr3c. The Avr3c gene together with eight other predicted genes are part of a repetitive segment of 33.7 kb. Three near-identical copies of this segment occur in a tandem array. In P. sojae strain P6497, two identical copies of Avr3c occur within the repeated segments whereas the third copy of this RXLR effector has diverged in sequence. The Avr3c gene is expressed during the early stages of infection in all P. sojae strains examined. Virulent alleles of Avr3c that differ in amino acid sequence were identified in other strains of P. sojae. Gain of virulence was acquired through mutation and subsequent sequence exchanges between the two copies of Avr3c. The results illustrate the importance of segmental duplications and RXLR effector evolution in the control of race-cultivar compatibility in the P. sojae and soybean interaction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.