ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2009
PAH-DNA adducts, cigarette smoking, GST polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to head and neck carcinoma: a systematic review with five analyses.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Environmental exposures and breast cancer risk in the context of underlying susceptibility: A systematic review of the epidemiological literature.Environmental research · 2020Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and their association with breast cancer risk.Journal of genetics · 2018Pooled it
- CYP1A1 and GSTP1 gene variations in breast cancer: a systematic review and case-control study.Familial cancer · 2016Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the association of glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility of breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2013Pooled it
- Genetic variation in multiple biologic pathways, flavonoid intake, and breast cancer.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2014Trial
- Carcinogen metabolism and bladder cancer: role of gut microbiota in disease and prevention.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Differential Impact of Smoking on Methylome and Transcriptome in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2024Article
- GSTs polymorphisms are associated with epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Review
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PAH-related DNA adducts.Journal of applied genetics · 2017Review
- [Cigarette smoking in different manners induces acute lung injury in rats].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2016Article
- Interaction between APC and Fen1 during breast carcinogenesis.DNA repair · 2016Review
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts and breast cancer: modification by gene promoter methylation in a population-based study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2015Article
- Indoor air pollution exposure from use of indoor stoves and fireplaces in association with breast cancer: a case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2014Article
- Smoking and breast cancer.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2013Review
- Dietary benzo(a)pyrene and fetal growth: effect modification by vitamin C intake and glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism.Environment international · 2012Article
- Coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in smoker alveolar macrophages: specific effects on VEGF receptor 1 expression.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may increase breast cancer risk, and the association may be modified by inherited differences in deactivation of PAH intermediates by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Few breast cancer studies have investigated the joint effects of multiple GSTs and a PAH biomarker.
objectiveWe estimated the breast cancer risk associated with multiple polymorphisms in the GST gene (GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1) and the interaction with PAH-DNA adducts and cigarette smoking.
methodsWe conducted unconditional logistic regression using data from a population-based sample of women (cases/controls, respectively): GST polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight assays (n = 926 of 916), PAH-DNA adduct blood levels were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 873 of 941), and smoking status was assessed by in-person questionnaires (n = 943 of 973).
resultsOdds ratios for joint effects on breast cancer risk among women with at least three variant alleles were 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.16] for detectable PAH-DNA adducts and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.56-1.56) for no detectable adducts; corresponding odds ratios for three or more variants were 1.18 (95% CI, 0.82-1.69) for ever smokers and 1.44 (95% CI, 0.97-2.14) for never smokers. Neither interaction was statistically significant (p = 0.43 and 0.62, respectively).
conclusionWe found little statistical evidence that PAHs interacted with GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTA1 polymorphisms to further increase breast cancer risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.