ArticlePloS one2009
Lipoteichoic acid induces unique inflammatory responses when compared to other toll-like receptor 2 ligands.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
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- TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Occupational health of drilling waste workers as related to microbial exposure and waste treatment methods.Annals of work exposures and health · 2025Article
- Mixtures of PRR Ligands Partly Mimic the Immunomodulatory Response ofStem cells international · 2025Article
- Label-free biosensor assay decodes the dynamics of Toll-like receptor signaling.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Growth phase matters: Boosting immunity via Lacticasebacillus-derived membrane vesicles and their interactions with TLR2 pathways.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Impact of surface receptors TLR2, CR3, and FcγRIII onInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Naïve Huntington's disease microglia mount a normal response to inflammatory stimuli but display a partially impaired development of innate immune tolerance that can be counteracted by ganglioside GM1.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
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- Bioaerosol-induced in vitro activation of toll-like receptors and inflammatory biomarker expression in waste workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2023Article
- An Update on Toll-like Receptor 2, Its Function and Dimerization in Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Transcriptional and proteomic analysis of the innate immune response to microbial stimuli in a model invertebrate chordate.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Tumor-promoting myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of human oncoviruses: potential targets for immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Human gut microbiota stimulate defined innate immune responses that vary from phylum to strain.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize evolutionarily-conserved molecular patterns originating from invading microbes. In this study, we were interested in determining if microbial ligands, which use distinct TLR2-containing receptor complexes, represent unique signals to the cell and can thereby stimulate unique cellular responses. Using the TLR2 ligands, R-FSL1, S-FSL1, Pam2CSK4, Pam3CSK4, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), we demonstrate that these ligands activate NF-kappaB and MAP Kinase pathways with ligand-specific differential kinetics in murine macrophages. Most strikingly, LTA stimulation of these pathways was substantially delayed when compared with the other TLR2 ligands. These kinetics differences were associated with a delay in the LTA-induced expression of a subset of genes as compared with another TLR2 ligand, R-FSL1. However, this did not translate to overall differences in gene expression patterns four hours following stimulation with different TLR2 ligands. We extended this study to evaluate the in vivo responses to distinct TLR2 ligands using a murine model of acute inflammation, which employs intravital microscopy to monitor leukocyte recruitment into the cremaster muscle. We found that, although R-FSL1, S-FSL1, Pam2CSK4, and Pam3CSK4 were all able to stimulate robust leukocyte recruitment in vivo, LTA remained functionally inert in this in vivo model. Therefore distinct TLR2 ligands elicit unique cellular responses, as evidenced by differences in the kinetic profiles of signaling and gene expression responses in vitro, as well as the physiologically relevant differences in the in vivo responses to these ligands.
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Registered trials
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