SynthesisPloS one2009
Is HIV infection a risk factor for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis? A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between HIV and acquisition of rifamycin resistance with first-line TB treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis mixed infections and drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2022Pooled it
- HIV infection and multidrug resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Causal association of antibiotic use and resistant tuberculosis infection: Casecontrol meta-analysisRevista espanola de salud publica · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Multidrug resistant tuberculosis in prisons located in former Soviet countries: A systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Variation and risk factors of drug resistant tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2015Pooled it
- Association between HIV/AIDS and multi-drug resistance tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of drug resistant tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: how strongly associated with previous treatment and HIV co-infection?Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2013Pooled it
- Magnitude of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated risk factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray region, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): an evolving threat to the Nigerian health system - a review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Trends in Antituberculosis Drug Resistance and Associated Factors: A 31-Year Observational Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Barcelona.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Resistance Rates ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Predictors of Longitudinal Viral Load count and Survival Time to Death Among Adult TB/HIV Coinfected Patients Treated at Two Selected Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia.Health science reports · 2025Article
- First and Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drug-Resistance Patterns in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Zambia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Host-directed therapy against tuberculosis: Concept and recent developments.Journal of biosciences · 2023Review
- Review
- The second national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Tanzania, 2017-2018.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2022Article
- Proportion and trend of primary resistance among Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2022Article
- Status of drug resistant tuberculosis among patients attending a tuberculosis unit of West Bengal: A record based cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of human suffering and death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have emerged as threats to TB control. The association between MDR-TB and HIV infection has not yet been fully investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the association between HIV infection and MDR-TB. METHODS AND
resultsOriginal studies providing Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance data stratified by HIV status were identified using MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science. Crude MDR-TB prevalence ratios were calculated and analyzed by type of TB (primary or acquired), region and study period. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed, and pooled prevalence ratios were generated if appropriate. No clear association was found between MDR-TB and HIV infection across time and geographic locations. MDR-TB prevalence ratios in the 32 eligible studies, comparing MDR-TB prevalence by HIV status, ranged from 0.21 to 41.45. Assessment by geographical region or study period did not reveal noticeable patterns. The summary prevalence ratios for acquired and primary MDR-TB were 1.17 (95% CI 0.86, 1.6) and 2.72 (95% CI 2.03, 3.66), respectively. Studies eligible for review were few considering the size of the epidemics. Most studies were not adjusted for confounders and the heterogeneity across studies precluded the calculation of a meaningful overall summary measure.
conclusionsWe could not demonstrate an overall association between MDR-TB and HIV or acquired MDR-TB and HIV, but our results suggest that HIV infection is associated with primary MDR-TB. Future well-designed studies and surveillance in all regions of the world are needed to better clarify the relationship between HIV infection and MDR-TB.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.