ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2009
Modulation of muramyl dipeptide stimulation of cytokine production by blood components.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical description, genetic analysis and characterization of two NLRP12 heterozygous VUS variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distinctive Immune Signatures Driven by Structural Alterations in Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- The influence of the gut microbiome on BCG-induced trained immunity.Genome biology · 2021Article
- Structural Fine-Tuning of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists Defines TheirJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Strategies for Using Muramyl Peptides - Modulators of Innate Immunity of Bacterial Origin - in Medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Adamantane Containing Peptidoglycan Fragments Enhance RANTES and IL-6 Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- BCG-Induced Trained Immunity in Healthy Individuals: The Effect of Plasma Muramyl Dipeptide Concentrations.Journal of immunology research · 2020Article
- Resolution of Inflammation: What Controls Its Onset?Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- The quest for better understanding of HLA-disease association: scenes from a road less travelled by.Discovery medicine · 2013Review
- Comparison of the potency of a variety of β-glucans to induce cytokine production in human whole blood.Innate immunity · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is the minimal active fragment of peptidoglycan of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, with potential beneficial effects as a vaccine adjuvant. Peptidoglycans and MDP are recognized by the intracellular receptor NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2), leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, it is shown that, despite stimulatory effects on isolated human mononuclear cells, MDP does not stimulate production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta or interleukin-6 in a whole-blood assay. However, MDP retains synergistic effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokines in whole blood. Screening tests of NOD2 function based on whole-blood stimulation should therefore employ strategies based on the synergistic effects of MDP on Toll-like receptor-induced cytokine production. Plasma was not responsible for the inhibition of MDP in whole blood. The inhibition of MDP stimulation was dependent upon cellular components, with erythrocyte-derived haemoglobin and neutrophils collaborating in the inhibition of MDP effects in whole blood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.