ArticlePloS one2009
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 preferentially grows as aggregates in liquid batch cultures and disperses upon starvation.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 226 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa in premise plumbing of large buildings.MicrobiologyOpen · 2016Pooled it
- Modeling Multiscale Architecture of Biofilm Extracellular Matrix and Its Role in Oxygen Transport.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Intravenous anti-P. aeruginosa IgY antibodies increase bacterial concentration in porcine septic shock with bacteremia.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Shaken batch cultures ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Functional synergistic effects of graphene nanoribbons and surfactant stabilizers on inhibition of growth of biofilm-forming and biofilm non-forming bacteria.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Density-Dependent Modulation of the Oxidative Burst by Neutrophils in Response to Planktonic and Biofilm Growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: When Less Is More.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Biofilms in clinical infection: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the evolving therapeutic landscape.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacterial bioluminescence for the real time andAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- The impact of inoculation methods on bacterial aggregation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Mutations in filamentous bacteriophages spark eco-evolutionary feedbacks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Broth Optical Density-Based Assessment for Phage Therapy: Turbidity Reduction, Antibacterial Virulence, and Time-Kill.Viruses · 2026Review
- Phenotypic heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence revealed through passive exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans).Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Planktonic Aggregation Enhances Antibiotic Tolerance in Non-MDRMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Dispersal Mechanisms in Biofilm Control: Characteristics, Induction, Impacts, and Therapeutic Potential.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- ThebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Survival strategies of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa: a comparative analysis of surface-bound biofilms and unbound aggregates.The Journal of antibiotics · 2025Article
- Rhamnolipids production in semi-submerged static-cultivation using agar cubes as solid substrate.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Biofilm Dispersal inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Release of extracellular DNA byiScience · 2025Article
- Impact and applications of cyclic di-GMP second messenger signaling in biotechnology and medicine.Sustainable microbiology · 2025Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In both natural and artificial environments, bacteria predominantly grow in biofilms, and bacteria often disperse from biofilms as freely suspended single-cells. In the present study, the formation and dispersal of planktonic cellular aggregates, or 'suspended biofilms', by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in liquid batch cultures were closely examined, and compared to biofilm formation on a matrix of polyester (PE) fibers as solid surface in batch cultures. Plankton samples were analyzed by laser-diffraction particle-size scanning (LDA) and microscopy of aggregates. Interestingly, LDA indicated that up to 90% of the total planktonic biomass consisted of cellular aggregates in the size range of 10-400 microm in diameter during the growth phase, as opposed to individual cells. In cultures with PE surfaces, P. aeruginosa preferred to grow in biofilms, as opposed to planktonicly. However, upon carbon, nitrogen or oxygen limitation, the planktonic aggregates and PE-attached biofilms dispersed into single cells, resulting in an increase in optical density (OD) independent of cellular growth. During growth, planktonic aggregates and PE-attached biofilms contained densely packed viable cells and extracellular DNA (eDNA), and starvation resulted in a loss of viable cells, and an increase in dead cells and eDNA. Furthermore, a release of metabolites and infective bacteriophage into the culture supernatant, and a marked decrease in intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP, was observed in dispersing cultures. Thus, what traditionally has been described as planktonic, individual cell cultures of P. aeruginosa, are in fact suspended biofilms, and such aggregates have behaviors and responses (e.g. dispersal) similar to surface associated biofilms. In addition, we suggest that this planktonic biofilm model system can provide the basis for a detailed analysis of the synchronized biofilm life cycle of P. aeruginosa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.