Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19436694›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2009

Change in inflammation in out-patient COPD patients from stable phase to a subsequent exacerbation.

Erik Bathoorn, Jeroen J W Liesker, Dirkje S Postma, Gerard H Koëter, Marco van der Toorn, Sicco van der Heide, H Alec Ross, Antoon J M van Oosterhout, Huib A M Kerstjens

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Blood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018
    Pooled it
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  6. Sputum myeloperoxidase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.European journal of medical research · 2014
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Erik BathoornDepartment of Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Jeroen J W Liesker
Dirkje S Postma
Gerard H Koëter
Marco van der Toorn
Sicco van der Heide
H Alec Ross
Antoon J M van Oosterhout
Huib A M Kerstjens
University of Groningen · NLUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInflammation increases during exacerbations of COPD, but only a few studies systematically assessed these changes. Better identification of these changes will increase our knowledge and potentially guide therapy, for instance by helping with quicker distinction of bacterially induced exacerbations from other causes.

aimTo identify which inflammatory parameters increase during COPD exacerbations compared to stable disease, and to compare bacterial and non-bacterial exacerbations.

methodsIn 45 COPD patients (37 male/8 female, 21 current smokers, mean age 65, FEV(1) 52% predicted, pack years 38) sputum was collected during a stable phase and subsequently during an exacerbation.

resultsSputum total cell counts (9.0 versus 7.9 x 10(6)/mL), eosinophils (0.3 versus 0.2 x 10(6)/mL), neutrophils (6.1 versus 5.8 x 10(6)/mL), and lymphocytes (0.07 versus 0.02 x 10(6)/mL) increased significantly during an exacerbation compared to stable disease. A bacterial infection was demonstrated by culture in 8 sputum samples obtained during an exacerbation. These exacerbations had significantly increased sputum total cell and neutrophil counts, leukotriene-B4, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels, and were also associated with more systemic inflammation compared to exacerbations without a bacterial infection. Sputum TNF-alpha level during an exacerbation had the best test characteristics to predict a bacterial infection.

conclusionSputum eosinophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts increase during COPD exacerbations. The increase in systemic inflammation during exacerbations seems to be limited to exacerbations caused by bacterial infections of the lower airways. Sputum TNF-alpha is a candidate marker for predicting airway bacterial infection.

Indexed as

OutpatientsAgedCytokinesEosinophilsFemaleForced Expiratory VolumeHumansInflammation MediatorsLeukocyte CountLeukocytesLungLymphocytesMaleMiddle AgedNeutrophilsPneumoniaCytokinesInflammation MediatorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Identifiers

PMID19436694
PMCPMC2672798
OpenAlexW2029753427

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.