Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19436218›Full record

SynthesisJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2009

Behavioral interventions for African Americans to reduce sexual risk of HIV: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Blair T Johnson, Lori A J Scott-Sheldon, Natalie D Smoak, Jessica M Lacroix, John R Anderson, Michael P Carey

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
21.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Psychosocial correlates of condom use among Black adolescents in the United States: A meta-analysis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Pooled it
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  4. Single-Session Behavioral Interventions for Sexual Risk Reduction: A Meta-Analysis.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2016
    Pooled it
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  13. Meta-synthesis of health behavior change meta-analyses.American journal of public health · 2010
    Pooled it
  14. Guideline
  15. Trial
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  17. Couple-based HIV counseling and testing: a risk reduction intervention for US drug-involved women and their primary male partners.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2015
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Blair T JohnsonCenter for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1248, USA. blair.t.johnson@uconn.edu
Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
Natalie D Smoak
Jessica M Lacroix
John R Anderson
Michael P Carey
Syracuse University · USIllinois Wesleyan University · USUniversity of Connecticut · USUniversity of Idaho · US

Funding

SYNTHESES OF HIV RISK REDUCTION RESEARCHR01MH058563 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI JOHNSON, BLAIR T · 1998 to 2013
$5.2M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH058563NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH58563
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextAfrican Americans constitute 13% of the US population yet account for nearly 50% of new HIV infections. Implementation of efficacious behavioral interventions can help reduce infections in this vulnerable population.

objectivesTo examine the efficacy of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV for African Americans among 78 randomized controlled trials that sampled at least 50% African Americans (N = 48,585, 81% African American), measured condom use or number of sexual partners, and provided sufficient information to calculate effect sizes.

methodsIndependent raters coded participant characteristics, design and methodological features, and intervention content. Weighted mean effect sizes, using both fixed- and random-effects models, were calculated; positive effect sizes indicated more condom use and fewer sexual partners.

resultsCompared with controls, participants who received an HIV risk reduction intervention improved condom use at short-term, intermediate, and long-term assessments; change was better among men who have sex with men and people already infected with HIV, and when interventions provided intensive content across multiple sessions. Intervention participants reduced their number of sexual partners in interventions with intensive interpersonal skills training and in younger samples, especially at delayed intervals.

conclusionsSexual risk reduction interventions for African Americans increased condom use without increasing the number of sexual partners. Translating these interventions and further enhancing them continue as a high priority.

Indexed as

Risk Reduction BehaviorSexual BehaviorAdolescentAdultBlack or African AmericanChildCondomsCounselingFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Identifiers

PMID19436218
PMCPMC3021417
OpenAlexW2025679335

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.