ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2009
Antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy and the risk of cardiovascular malformations.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal factors increase risk of orofacial cleft: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Congenital Anomalies: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Pooled it
- A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with first-trimester exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of birth defects among newborns in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Pooled it
- In-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication and neonatal and child health outcomes: a systematic review.Journal of hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- Maternal Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Pediatric cardiology · 2015Pooled it
- The risk of congenital malformations associated with exposure to β-blockers early in pregnancy: a meta-analysis.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Exposure to candesartan during the first trimester of pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: experience from the placebo-controlled DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials.Diabetologia · 2011Trial
- Prenatal exposure to antihypertensive medication: A systematic review of neurodevelopmental and educational outcomes.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Associations of maternal and paternal characteristics with cardiac malformations using real-world data and machine learning.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Maternal, reproductive and perinatal factors and the risks of birth defects: traditional and emerging factors.Reproductive biomedicine online · 2025Article
- Fever and antibiotic use in maternal urinary tract infections during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in the offspring during perinatal period, childhood, and adolescence.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Review
- Article
- Association of maternal gut microbiota and plasma metabolism with congenital heart disease in offspring: a multi-omic analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Paternal genetic variants and risk of obstructive heart defects: A parent-of-origin approach.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Combined Effects of Methyldopa and Flavonoids on the Expression of Selected Factors Related to Inflammatory Processes and Vascular Diseases in Human Placenta Cells-An In Vitro Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Maternal occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the risk of isolated congenital heart defects among offspring.Environmental research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based, case-control study, to examine whether previously reported associations between antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular malformations could be confirmed and to explore whether new associations might be identified. Cases (n=5021) were ascertained through birth defects surveillance systems from 1997 through 2003 in 10 US states. Controls (n=4796) were live births without birth defects selected randomly from birth certificates or hospital discharge listings in the same geographic regions. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between antihypertensive medication treatment and the occurrence of cardiovascular malformations while controlling for confounding variables. First-trimester treatment with antihypertensive medication was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.4), Ebstein malformation (crude OR: 11.4; exact 95% CI: 2.8 to 34.1), coarctation of the aorta (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3 to 6.6), and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.4). Treatment initiated after the first trimester was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.4), perimembranous ventricular septal defects (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.6), and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.4). Untreated hypertension was associated with Ebstein malformation (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.3) and secundum atrial septal defects (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.6). Antihypertensive medication use and/or the underlying hypertension might increase the risk of having an infant with specific left and right obstructive and septal defects. Additional studies with adequate power will be needed to confirm these findings.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.