Trial reportActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2009
Early-life nutritional and environmental determinants of thymic size in infants born in rural Bangladesh.
Trial report in Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Effect of probiotics on thymus size and markers of infection in late infancy: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2021Trial
- High-Dose Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation Transiently Decreases Thymic Function in Early Infancy.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Thymic size is increased by infancy, but not pregnancy, nutritional supplementation in rural Gambian children: a randomized clinical trial.BMC medicine · 2019Trial
- Effects of prenatal micronutrient and early food supplementation on metabolic status of the offspring at 4.5 years of age. The MINIMat randomized trial in rural Bangladesh.International journal of epidemiology · 2016Trial
- Efficient arsenic metabolism--the AS3MT haplotype is associated with DNA methylation and expression of multiple genes around AS3MT.PloS one · 2013Trial
- A randomized trial to investigate the effects of pre-natal and infant nutritional supplementation on infant immune development in rural Gambia: the ENID trial: Early Nutrition and Immune Development.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2012Trial
- Restoration of anti-bacterial innate immune cell function lags behind nutritional recovery among children convalescing from complicated severe acute malnutrition.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Human milk feeding practices and serum immune profiles of one-year-old infants in the CHILD birth cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Co-administration of L-Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol Alleviates Arsenic-Induced Immunotoxicities in the Thymus and Spleen by Dwindling Oxidative Stress-Induced Inflammation.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Maternal Immune Activation Hypotheses for Human Neurodevelopment: Some Outstanding Questions.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Review
- Intrauterine growth restriction affects bone mineral density of the mandible and the condyle in growing rats.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2022Article
- Thymus size in children with moderate malnutrition: a cohort study from Burkina Faso.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Thymus size and its correlates among children admitted with severe acute malnutrition: a cross-sectional study in Uganda.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Environmental pollutants and the immune response.Nature immunology · 2020Review
- A suboptimal maternal diet combined with accelerated postnatal growth results in an altered aging profile in the thymus of male rats.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and infant immune response to routine childhood vaccinations.Future virology · 2017Review
- Transcriptomics and methylomics of CD4-positive T cells in arsenic-exposed women.Archives of toxicology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe aim was to assess the impact of nutritional status and environmental exposures on infant thymic development in the rural Matlab region of Bangladesh.
methodsIn a cohort of N(max) 2094 infants born during a randomized study of combined interventions to improve maternal and infant health, thymic volume (thymic index, TI) was assessed by ultrasonography at birth and at 8, 24 and 52 weeks of age. Data on birth weight, infant anthropometry and feeding status were also collected.
resultsAt all ages, TI was positively associated with infant weight and strongly associated with the month of measurement. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding resulted in a larger TI at 52 weeks. TI at birth and at 8 weeks correlated positively with birth weight, but by 24 and 52 weeks and when adjusted for infant weight this effect was no longer present. Thymic size was not affected by pre-natal maternal supplementation or by socioeconomic status but was correlated to arsenic exposure during pregnancy.
conclusionIn this population of rural Bangladeshi infants, thymic development is influenced by both nutritional and environmental exposures early in life. The long-term functional implications of these findings warrant further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.