Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19429181›Full record

ArticleNeuroscience letters2009

Increased glutamate and decreased glycine release in the rostral ventromedial medulla during induction of a pre-clinical model of chronic widespread muscle pain.

Rajan Radhakrishnan, Kathleen A Sluka

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroscience letters, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Top-down control of pain.The Journal of physiology · 2017
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Antinociceptive action of botulinum toxin type A in carrageenan-induced mirror pain.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Animal models of fibromyalgia.Arthritis research & therapy · 2013
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rajan RadhakrishnanCollege of Pharmacy, University of Southern Nevada, South Jordan, UT, USA.
Kathleen A Sluka
Roseman University of Health Sciences · USUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

Central contributions to pathobiology of fibromyalgiaR01AR052316 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI SLUKA, KATHLEEN A · 2005 to 2009
$1.5M
NIAMS NIH HHS AR052316NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR052316
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two injections of acidic saline into the gastrocnemius muscle produce long-lasting hyperalgesia that is initiated and maintained by changes in the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM). Potential underlying mechanisms could be increased release of excitatory neurotransmitters and/or reduced release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, in the RVM. We tested this hypothesis by measuring concentrations of aspartate, glutamate and glycine in response to the first and second injection of acidic saline and compared to intramuscular injections of normal saline using microdialysis with HPLC analysis. We show a significant increase in aspartate and glutamate during the second acidic saline injection compared to normal saline injections or the first injection of acidic saline. There were also long-lasting decreases in glycine concentrations in the RVM in response to both the first and second injection of acidic saline. It is possible that disinhibition after the first injection leads to long-lasting neuronal changes that allow a greater release of excitatory neurotransmitters after the second injection. We hypothesize that increased release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the RVM drives the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the spinal cord, central sensitization and the consequent hyperalgesia.

Indexed as

Muscle, SkeletalAcidsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAspartic AcidChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDisease Models, AnimalGlutamic AcidGlycineMaleMedulla OblongataMicrodialysisPainRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySensory System AgentsAcidsAspartic AcidGlutamic AcidGlycineSensory System AgentsSodium Chloride

Identifiers

PMID19429181
PMCPMC2710144
OpenAlexW2009399717

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.