ReviewAdvances in applied microbiology2009
The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.
Review in Advances in applied microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 252 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
252 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rethinking the immune recognition of cell walls in human fungal pathogens: Mechanisms, controversies and translational significance.Virulence · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in human fungal pathogens: Biogenesis, functions, and translational applications.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
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- Immune evasion by a chytrid fungus includes inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Human Dectin-1- and Dectin-2-targeted DectiSomes are effective against diverse pathogenic fungi.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Molecular Architecture ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microglia sense fungal infections through capsular components from capillary-bound Cryptococcus neoformans via endothelial nucleotide signaling.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Integrative Transcriptomic and Systems Biology Analyses IdentifyMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Iturin A disruptsNpj fungal science · 2026Article
- Pulmonary cryptococcosis with or without immunocompromise: a retrospective comparative study of clinical and CT features and influential factors for lesion absorption.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in cryptococcal infections-associated immunopathology and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Genetically Encoded Sensors for Monitoring Intracellular Redox Health of the Pathogenic FungusACS sensors · 2025Article
- The Zinc Finger Protein Zfp2 Regulates Cell-Cell Fusion and Virulence inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pathogenic diversity ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative Analysis of Glucuronoxylomannogalactan and Glucuronoxylomannan Antibody Responses and Their Associations With Cryptococcal Disease Status in People With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessing the Anti-Cryptococcus Antifungal Potential of Artemisinin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation in fungal infections: from pathogen recognition to pathological manifestations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Article
192 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans has been studied extensively in recent decades and a large body of information is now available to the scientific community. Well-known aspects of the capsule include its structure, antigenic properties and its function as a virulence factor. The capsule is composed primarily of two polysaccharides, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) and galactoxylomannan (GalXM), in addition to a smaller proportion of mannoproteins (MPs). Most of the studies on the composition of the capsule have focused on GXM, which comprises more than 90% of the capsule's polysaccharide mass. It is GalXM, however, that is of particular scientific interest because of its immunological properties. The molecular structure of these polysaccharides is very complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. Both GXM and GalXM are high molecular mass polymers with the mass of GXM equaling roughly 10 times that of GalXM. Recent findings suggest, however, that the actual molecular weight might be different to what it has traditionally been thought to be. In addition to their structural roles in the polysaccharide capsule, these molecules have been associated with many deleterious effects on the immune response. Capsular components are therefore considered key virulence determinants in C. neoformans, which has motivated their use in vaccines and made them targets for monoclonal antibody treatments. In this review, we will provide an update on the current knowledge of the C. neoformans capsule, covering aspects related to its structure, synthesis and particularly, its role as a virulence factor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.