Trial reportAntiviral research2009
Alkoxyalkyl prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates enhance oral antiviral activity and reduce toxicity: current state of the art.
Trial report in Antiviral research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of Oral Brincidofovir for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2019Trial
- First pharmacokinetic and safety study in humans of the novel lipid antiviral conjugate CMX001, a broad-spectrum oral drug active against double-stranded DNA viruses.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Trial
- Exploration of the protein and pharmacological landscape of monkeypox virus treatment: from entry point to end point.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Adenovirus Infections in Hematologic Malignancy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Synthesis of Novel Acetylene-Containing Phosphonates, Their Antiviral Activity, and Their Cytotoxicity to Different Cancer Cell Lines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improved Synthesis of a Sub-Nanomolar Vinyl Phosphonate Inhibitor of Dehydroquinate Synthase.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- LAVR-289, a broad-spectrum antiviral, protects immunosuppressed Syrian hamsters against lethal adenovirus challenge.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Review
- Monkeypox: an in-depth examination of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and global public health implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Discovery of Orally Available Prodrugs of Itaconate and Derivatives.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Mpox treatment evolution: past milestones, present advances, and future directions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Mpox: An emerging or re-emerging infection with a potential colossal burden on healthcare globally.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- A retrospective genomic characterisation of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Belgium, and in vitro assessment of three antiviral compounds.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Building Metabolically Stable and Potent Anti-HIV Thioether-Lipid Analogues of Tenofovir Exalidex: A thorough Pharmacological Analysis.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Mpox Virus and its ocular surface manifestations.The ocular surface · 2024Review
- Article
- NPP-669, a prodrug of cidofovir, is highly efficacious against human adenovirus infection in the permissive Syrian hamster model.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Potential use of cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat drugs in fighting monkeypox infection: recent trends and advancements.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- From Outbreaks to Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Monkeypox Virus Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccination, and Deep Learning Applications.Journal of tropical medicine · 2024Review
- Large Subunit of the Human Herpes Simplex Virus Terminase as a Promising Target in Design of Anti-Herpesvirus Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir and tenofovir are approved for treating human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and HIV infections, respectively, their utility is limited by low oral bioavailability, renal toxicity and poor cell penetration. Research over the past decade has shown that these undesirable features can be eliminated by esterifying the compounds with an alkoxyalkyl group, in effect disguising them as lysophospholipids. In this modified form, the drugs are readily taken up in the gastrointestinal tract and have a prolonged circulation time in plasma. The active metabolite also has a long half life within cells, permitting infrequent dosing. Because these modified drugs are not recognized by the transport mechanisms that cause the accumulation of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates in renal tubular cells, they lack nephrotoxicity. Alkoxyalkyl esterification also markedly increases the in vitro antiviral activity of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates by improving their delivery into cells. For example, an alkoxyalkyl ester of cyclic-cidofovir, a less soluble compound, retains anti-CMV activity for 3 months following a single intravitreal injection. Two of these novel compounds, hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) and hexadecyloxypropyl-tenofovir (CMX157) are now in clinical development. This article focuses on the hexadecyloxypropyl and octadecyloxyethyl esters of cidofovir and (S)-HPMPA, describing their synthesis and the evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo activity against a range of orthopoxviruses, herpesviruses, adenoviruses and other double-stranded DNA viruses. The extension to other nucleoside phosphonate antivirals is highlighted, demonstrating that this novel approach can markedly improve the medicinal properties of these drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.