Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2009
Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02144688 (CTNPT 015 - Pilot Project to Implement a Step-wise Investigation That Includes Cerebrospinal), which is not on this map. Cited by 186 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CTNPT 015 - Pilot Project to Implement a Step-wise Investigation That Includes Cerebrospinal (CSF) Analysis as a Standard of Care for HIV+ Individuals With Cognitive Symptoms
Who cites it
186 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Reliability of White Matter Microstructural Changes in HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis and Confirmation.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2017Pooled it
- Does highly active antiretroviral therapy improve neurocognitive function? A systematic review.Journal of neurovirology · 2010Pooled it
- The Effects of High-Dose Probiotic Supplementation on Immune Activation and Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with HIV Undergoing Successful Antiretroviral Treatment: The Procog Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Antiretroviral Therapy Intensification for Neurocognitive Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Limited correlation between systemic biomarkers and neurocognitive performance before and during HIV treatment.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Trial
- Similar neurocognitive outcomes after 48 weeks in HIV-1-infected participants randomized to continue tenofovir/emtricitabine + atazanavir/ritonavir or simplify to abacavir/lamivudine + atazanavir.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Trial
- Combination antiretroviral therapy improves cognitive performance and functional connectivity in treatment-naïve HIV-infected individuals.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Trial
- Randomized trial of central nervous system-targeted antiretrovirals for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Trial
- Randomized trial of minocycline in the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.Neurology · 2013Trial
- Computational modeling reveals distinct effects of HIV and history of drug use on decision-making processes in women.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Neurocognitive impairment in patients randomized to second-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy vs. lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2012Trial
- Linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to cognitive decline in HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Cognition and Brain Imaging in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Assessing cognitive impairment in HIV-infected: a comparative study of international HIV Dementia Scale, HIV Dementia Scale Italian version and Montreal cognitive assessment in clinical practice.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Advances in assessment and cognitive neurorehabilitation of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment.Brain communications · 2025Review
- Genetic Variations in EIF2AK3 are Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment in People Living with HIV.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral drugs from multiple classes induce loss of excitatory synapses between hippocampal neurons in culture.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive profile in HIV subjects on INSTI-regimen- one year follow up: Is there room for optimism?PloS one · 2024Article
- Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy Dysregulates Iron Transport and Augments Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Human Microglia and Neural-Lineage Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether antiretroviral regimens with good central nervous system (CNS) penetration control HIV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and improve cognition.
designMultisite longitudinal observational study.
settingResearch clinics. STUDY
participantsOne hundred and one individuals with advanced HIV beginning or changing a new potent antiretroviral regimen were enrolled in the study. Data for 79 participants were analyzed. Participants underwent structured history and neurological examination, venipuncture, lumbar puncture, and neuropsychological tests at entry, 24, and 52 weeks.
interventionAntiretroviral regimens were categorized as CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) rank of at least 2 or less than 2. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations over the course of the study.
main outcome measuresConcentration of HIV RNA in CSF and blood and neuropsychological test scores (NPZ4 and NPZ8).
resultsOdds of suppression of CSF HIV RNA were higher when CPE rank was at least 2 than when it was less than 2. Odds of suppression of plasma HIV RNA were not associated with CPE rank. Among participants with impaired neuropsychological performance at entry, those prescribed regimens with a CPE rank of at least 2 or more antiretrovirals had lower composite NPZ4 scores over the course of the study.
conclusionAntiretroviral regimens with good CNS penetration, as assessed by CPE rank, are more effective in controlling CSF (and presumably CNS) viral replication than regimens with poorer penetration. In this study, antiretrovirals with good CNS penetration were associated with poorer neurocognitive performance. A larger controlled trial is required before any conclusions regarding the influence of specific antiretrovirals on neurocognitive performance should be made.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.