Trial reportBiological psychiatry2009
Inflammation causes mood changes through alterations in subgenual cingulate activity and mesolimbic connectivity.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 391 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influenza Challenge in Mood Disorders
Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers
Inflammatory Control of Antidepressant Efficacy: a Pharmaco-epigenetic Approach
Adjusting Immune Activation to Reinstate Neural Plasticity and Promote the Beneficial Effect of Non-pharmacological Interventions
Who cites it
391 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 747 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Anxiety and worry" induces fear transformation in cancer patients: an evidence-based exploration and theoretical consideration of the emotional evolution in tumor patients.BMC psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer-related inflammation and depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Vascular depression in Black Americans: A systematic review of the construct and its cognitive, functional, and psychosocial correlates.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Autonomic, Endocrine, and Inflammation Profiles in Functional Neurological Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of immune activation on the kynurenine pathway and depression symptoms - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Insomnia and inflammatory exposure impair spatial memory and cognitive mapping in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Trial
- Interleukin 6 as a Treatment Target for Depression: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effects of Dopaminergic Therapy with Levodopa (L-DOPA) on Fear and Anxiety-Related Circuits and Symptoms in Patients with Depression and Higher Inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Trial
- Sustained effects of repeated levodopa (L-DOPA) administration on reward circuitry, effort-based motivation, and anhedonia in depressed patients with higher inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Trial
- Functional connectivity in reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia as therapeutic targets in depression with high inflammation: evidence from a dopamine challenge study.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Interleukin-8 and depressive responses to an inflammatory challenge: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- The effect of dexmedetomidine premedication on postoperative systemic inflammatory response in children undergoing hernia repair surgery: A randomized controlled trial.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2021Trial
- Cumulative trauma, neural circuits, and burnout: an integrative model of healthcare worker post-traumatic stress syndromes.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Review
- Major Depressive Disorder and Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Reward-Processing Dysfunction in an American Indian Sample.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Exploring the association between antidepressants, progression and mortality in Huntington's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Depressive symptom instability predicts incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Neurochemical drivers of effort: The roles of dopamine and beyond in physical and cognitive exertion.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Brain dynamics of attentional, default-mode and limbic networks are disrupted at rest in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
331 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In rodents, systemically administered inflammatory cytokines induce depression-like behavior. Similarly in humans, therapeutic interferon-alpha induces clinical depression in a third of patients. Conversely, patients with depression also show elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines.
objectivesTo determine the neural mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated mood change and modulatory effects on circuits involved in mood homeostasis and affective processing.
methodsIn a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 16 healthy male volunteers received typhoid vaccination or saline (placebo) injection in two experimental sessions. Mood questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 2 and 3 hours. Two hours after injection, participants performed an implicit emotional face perception task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Analyses focused on neurobiological correlates of inflammation-associated mood change and affective processing within regions responsive to emotional expressions and implicated in the etiology of depression.
resultsTyphoid but not placebo injection produced an inflammatory response indexed by increased circulating interleukin-6 and significant mood reduction at 3 hours. Inflammation-associated mood deterioration correlated with enhanced activity within subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) (a region implicated in the etiology of depression) during emotional face processing. Furthermore, inflammation-associated mood change reduced connectivity of sACC to amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and superior temporal sulcus, which was modulated by peripheral interleukin-6.
conclusionsInflammation-associated mood deterioration is reflected in changes in sACC activity and functional connectivity during evoked responses to emotional stimuli. Peripheral cytokines modulate this mood-dependent sACC connectivity, suggesting a common pathophysiological basis for major depressive disorder and sickness-associated mood change and depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.