ReviewJournal of anatomy2009
Origin and evolution of the integumentary skeleton in non-tetrapod vertebrates.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The dental plate on bichir pectoral fins: A unique dermal skeletal element bearing individual odontodes with tooth-like replacement.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Neural crest gene regulatory networks as drivers of development, diversification and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- The Dermal Skeleton of Stem-Actinopterygian Moythomasia durgaringa and Its Implications for the Nature of the Ancestral Osteichthyan.Journal of morphology · 2026Article
- INHAND: Non-proliferative and proliferative lesions of fish - Chapter 12. Fish skeletal and tooth.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2026Article
- Testing the Limits: Functional Strengths and Weaknesses of Poacher (Agonidae) Armor.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- INHAND: Non-proliferative and proliferative lesions of fish - Chapter 7. Fish integumentary system.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2026Article
- Ectodysplasin overexpression reveals spatiotemporally dynamic tooth formation competency in stickleback and zebrafish.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- The shoulder girdle of early chondrichthyans grew by skeletal remodelling.Biology letters · 2025Article
- Article
- Paleo-evo-devo implications of a revised conceptualization of enameloids and enamels.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- The living dinosaur: accomplishments and challenges of reconstructing dinosaur physiology.Biology letters · 2025Review
- Age is just a number: Examining the preservation of cells and soft tissues in Bothriolepis and other Devonian fish.PloS one · 2025Article
- Increasing control over biomineralization in conodont evolution.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Microstructural architecture of the bony scutes, spine, and rays of the bony fins in the common plecoInternational journal of veterinary science and medicine · 2024Article
- The age and growth information of a ctenoid scale fossil from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in Songliao Basin, China.PloS one · 2024Article
- Expression of 20 SCPP genes during tooth and bone mineralization in Senegal bichir.Development genes and evolution · 2023Article
- Modulation of tooth regeneration through opposing responses to Wnt and BMP signals in teleosts.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Bony-fish-like scales in a Silurian maxillate placoderm.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Ganoin and acrodin formation on scales and teeth in spotted gar: A vital role of enamelin in the unique process of enamel mineralization.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most non-tetrapod vertebrates develop mineralized extra-oral elements within the integument. Known collectively as the integumentary skeleton, these elements represent the structurally diverse skin-bound contribution to the dermal skeleton. In this review we begin by summarizing what is known about the histological diversity of the four main groups of integumentary skeletal tissues: hypermineralized (capping) tissues; dentine; plywood-like tissues; and bone. For most modern taxa, the integumentary skeleton has undergone widespread reduction and modification often rendering the homology and relationships of these elements confused and uncertain. Fundamentally, however, all integumentary skeletal elements are derived (alone or in combination) from only two types of cell condensations: odontogenic and osteogenic condensations. We review the origin and diversification of the integumentary skeleton in aquatic non-tetrapods (including stem gnathostomes), focusing on tissues derived from odontogenic (hypermineralized tissues, dentines and elasmodine) and osteogenic (bone tissues) cell condensations. The novelty of our new scenario of integumentary skeletal evolution resides in the demonstration that elasmodine, the main component of elasmoid scales, is odontogenic in origin. Based on available data we propose that elasmodine is a form of lamellar dentine. Given its widespread distribution in non-tetrapod lineages we further propose that elasmodine is a very ancient tissue in vertebrates and predict that it will be found in ancestral rhombic scales and cosmoid scales.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.