SynthesisBritish journal of pharmacology2009
Effects of NXY-059 in experimental stroke: an individual animal meta-analysis.
Synthesis in British journal of pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of animal studies evaluating the effect of hydrogen sulfide on ischemic stroke: is the preclinical evidence sufficient to move forward?Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Threats to validity in the design and conduct of preclinical efficacy studies: a systematic review of guidelines for in vivo animal experiments.PLoS medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Benefits of histone deacetylase inhibitors for acute brain injury: a systematic review of animal studies.Journal of neurochemistry · 2010Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of edaravone dexborneol in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Improving physiological monitoring and reporting standards in preclinical stroke research.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Overcoming Paradigm Inertia: Publishing Incentives and Peer Review Bias as the True Rate-Limiting Steps in Reducing Animal Research.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- We need less animal research, better animal research, and animal research done for the right reasons.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- How to Pick a Neuroprotective Drug in Stroke Without Losing Your Mind?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The role of oxidative stress in blood-brain barrier disruption during ischemic stroke: Antioxidants in clinical trials.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- The case for neuregulin-1 as a clinical treatment for stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Development of Pharmacological Strategies with Therapeutic Potential in Ischemic Stroke.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Evolving Clinical-Translational Investigations of Cerebroprotection in Ischemic Stroke.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Neuroprotective efficacy of N-t-butylhydroxylamine (NtBHA) in transient focal ischemia in rats.Toxicological research · 2022Article
- Brain Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Stroke: Effects of Smoking and Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Preclinical Characterization of Antioxidant Quinolyl Nitrone QN23 as a New Candidate for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A review of experimental models of focal cerebral ischemia focusing on the middle cerebral artery occlusion model.F1000Research · 2021Review
- Translational Block in Stroke: A Constructive and "Out-of-the-Box" Reappraisal.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeDisodium 2,4-disulphophenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (NXY-059) was neuroprotective in experimental stroke models but ineffective in a large clinical trial. This first-ever individual animal meta-analysis was used to assess the preclinical studies. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Studies were obtained from AstraZeneca and PubMed searches. Data for each animal were obtained from the lead author of each study and/or AstraZeneca. Published summary data were used if individual data were not available. Infarct volume and motor impairment were standardized to reflect different species and scales. Standardized mean difference (SMD), coefficients from multilevel models and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are presented. KEY
resultsFifteen studies (26 conditions, 12 laboratories) involving rats (544), mice (9) and marmosets (32) were identified (NXY-059: 332, control: 253) with individual data for 442 animals. Four studies were unpublished. Studies variably used randomization (40%), blinding of surgeon (53%) and outcome assessor (67%). NXY-059 reduced total (SMD -1.17, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.84), cortical (SMD -2.17, 95% CI -2.99 to -1.34) and subcortical (-1.43, 95% CI -2.20 to -0.86) lesion volume; efficacy was seen in transient, permanent and thrombotic ischaemia, up to 180 min post occlusion. NXY-059 reduced motor impairment (SMD -1.66, 95% CI -2.18 to -1.14) and neglect. Evidence for performance, attrition and publication bias was present. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: NXY-059 was neuroprotective in experimental stroke although bias may have resulted in efficacy being overestimated. Efficacy in young, healthy, male animals is a poor predictor of clinical outcome. We suggest the use of preclinical meta-analysis before initiation of future clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.