Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Fast rise of broadly cross-reactive antibodies after boosting long-lived human memory B cells primed by an MF59 adjuvanted prepandemic vaccine.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 117 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II, Single Center, Exploratory Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Doses of H5N1 Influenza Vaccine in Adults Unprimed and Primed With MF59-adjuvanted or Non-adjuvanted H5N3 Influenza Vaccines
Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a 45 Micrograms Dose of Inactivated, Unadjuvanted H5N1 Influenza Vaccine in Prior Recipients of Live Attenuated H5N1 and H7N3 Influenza Vaccines and in H5 and Live Attenuated Vaccine Naïve Individuals
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterologous prime-boost vaccination against H5 avian influenza: Safety and immunogenicity of a MF59-adjuvanted, cell-culture derived H5N6 vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization with BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose 3.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Selective induction of antibody effector functional responses using MF59-adjuvanted vaccination.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccines: Evidence for Differential Effect of Secondary Vaccination on Humoral and Cellular Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Randomized, double-blind, multi-center, phase III clinical trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of MG1109 (egg-based pre-pandemic influenza A/H5N1 vaccine) in healthy adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Trial
- Antibody Persistence in Adults Two Years after Vaccination with an H1N1 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccine.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Antibody Persistence and Booster Responses to Split-Virion H5N1 Avian Influenza Vaccine in Young and Elderly Adults.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Single Low Dose or High Dose of Clade 2 Influenza A(H5N1) Inactivated Vaccine in Adults Previously Primed With Clade 1 Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- A dose-ranging study of MF59(®)-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine in young to middle-aged and older adult populations to assess safety, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence one year after vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- Combined administration of MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 prepandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines: long-term antibody persistence and robust booster responses 1 year after a one-dose priming schedule.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Trial
- H5N1 influenza vaccine formulated with AS03 A induces strong cross-reactive and polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses.Journal of clinical immunology · 2011Trial
- MF59 adjuvant enhances diversity and affinity of antibody-mediated immune response to pandemic influenza vaccines.Science translational medicine · 2011Trial
- Article
- Influenza A(H5N8) vaccine induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses in at-risk individuals.Nature microbiology · 2026Observational
- Efficacy of Immunostimulatory Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Current SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- A novel in vivo adjuvant activity of hydrocarbon isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS: THE NEXT PANDEMIC?Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2025Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proactive priming before the next pandemic could induce immune memory responses to novel influenza antigens. In an open-label study, we analyzed B cell memory and antibody responses of 54 adults who received 2 7.5-microg doses of MF59-adjuvanted A/Vietnam/1194/2004 clade 1 (H5N1) vaccine. Twenty-four subjects had been previously primed with MF59-adjuvanted or plain clade 0-like A/duck/Singapore/1997 (H5N3) vaccine during 1999-2001. The prevaccination frequency of circulating memory B cells reactive to A/Vietnam/1194/2004 was low in both primed and unprimed individuals. However, at day 21 after boosting, MF59-adjuvanted primed subjects displayed a higher frequency of H5N1-specific memory B cells than plain-primed or unprimed subjects. The immune memory was rapidly mobilized by a single vaccine administration and resulted in high titers of neutralizing antibodies to antigenically diverse clade 0, 1, and 2 H5N1 viruses already at day 7. In general, postvaccination antibody titers were significantly higher in primed subjects than in unprimed subjects. Subjects primed with MF59-adjuvanted vaccine responded significantly better than those primed with plain vaccine, most notably in early induction and duration of cross-reacting antibody responses. After 6 months, high titers of cross-reactive antibody remained detectable among MF59-primed subjects. We conclude that distant priming with clade 0-like H5N3 induces a pool of cross-reactive memory B cells that can be boosted rapidly years afterward by a mismatched MF59-adjuvanted vaccine to generate high titers of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies rapidly. These results suggest that pre-pandemic vaccination strategies should be considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.