ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Timing of HAART defines the integrity of memory B cells and the longevity of humoral responses in HIV-1 vertically-infected children.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Long-term immune responses to vaccination in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Pooled it
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Measles Immunity at 4.5 Years of Age Following Vaccination at 9 and 15-18 Months of Age Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected, HIV-exposed-uninfected, and HIV-unexposed Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2019Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in HIV-exposed infants with or without HIV infection in Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Inflammatory Markers and Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in HIV-Positive and -Negative Adults.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Beneficial Effects of cART Initiated during Primary and Chronic HIV-1 Infection on Immunoglobulin-Expression of Memory B-Cell Subsets.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Immunogenicity, immunologic memory, and safety following measles revaccination in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Trial
- Impaired generation of hepatitis B virus-specific memory B cells in HIV infected individuals following vaccination.Vaccine · 2010Trial
- Timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation and seropositivity to measles virus among children living with HIV in rural Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Immune Response to Childhood Vaccination in Vertically Infected People Living with HIV: A Long-Term Evaluation.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- Type I interferons induce an epigenetically distinct memory B cell subset in chronic viral infection.Immunity · 2024Article
- Children with perinatally acquired HIV exhibit distinct immune responses to 4CMenB vaccine.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes persists beyond the transitory broad immunologic changes of acute HIV-1 infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Similar Antibody Responses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Individuals Living Without and With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy During the First South African Infection Wave.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Transient viral exposure drives functionally-coordinated humoral immune responses in HIV-1 post-treatment controllers.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Post-Infectious Autoimmunity in the Central (CNS) and Peripheral (PNS) Nervous Systems: An African Perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- HIV Infection Predisposes to Increased Chances of HBV Infection: Current Understanding of the Mechanisms Favoring HBV Infection at Each Clinical Stage of HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV-1 infection induces a progressive disruption of the B cell compartment impairing long-term immune responses to routine immunizations. Depletion of specific memory B cell pools occurs during the 1st stages of the infection and cannot be reestablished by antiretroviral treatment. We reasoned that an early control of viral replication through treatment could preserve the normal development of the memory B cell compartment and responses to routine childhood vaccines. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of different highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) schedules in 70 HIV-1 vertically-infected pediatric subjects by B cell phenotypic analyses, antigen-specific B cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and ELISA for common vaccination and HIV-1 antigens. Initiation of HAART within the 1st year of life permits the normal development and maintenance of the memory B cell compartment. On the contrary, memory B cells from patients treated later in time are remarkably reduced and their function is compromised regardless of viral control. A cause for concern is that both late-treated HIV-1 controllers and noncontrollers loose protective antibody titers against common vaccination antigens. Timing of HAART initiation is the major factor predicting the longevity of B cell responses in vaccinated HIV-1-infected children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.