ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Immunization by vaccine-coated microneedle arrays protects against lethal influenza virus challenge.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 208 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-transdermal microneedles for advanced drug delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Research Progress of Microneedles in Vaccine Delivery.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Microneedles in biomedicine: Innovations, challenges, and future prospects.Biomaterials translational · 2025Review
- Innovative freeze-drying technique in the fabrication of dissolving microneedle patch: Enhancing transdermal drug delivery efficiency.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Microneedle array delivery ofiScience · 2024Article
- Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Microneedle system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications.Polymers · 2021Review
- Transdermal drug delivery systems for fighting common viral infectious diseases.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Recent advances in microneedles-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Review
- Development of vaccine formulations: past, present, and future.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Progress in microneedle array patch (MAP) for vaccine delivery.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Engineering Antiviral Vaccines.ACS nano · 2020Review
- Smart Microneedles with Porous Polymer Layer for Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- The potential role of using vaccine patches to induce immunity: platform and pathways to innovation and commercialization.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- cGAMP/Saponin Adjuvant Combination Improves Protective Response to Influenza Vaccination by Microneedle Patch in an Aged Mouse Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Microneedle-based intradermal delivery of stabilized dengue virus.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2019Article
- Three-Step Thermal Drawing for Rapid Prototyping of Highly Customizable Microneedles for Vascular Tissue Insertion.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza prophylaxis would benefit from a simple method to administer influenza vaccine into skin without the need for hypodermic needles. In this study, solid metal microneedle arrays (MNs) were investigated as a system for cutaneous vaccine delivery using influenza virus antigen. The MNs with 5 monument-shaped microneedles per array were produced and coated with inactivated influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (IIV). As much as 10 microg of viral proteins could be coated onto an array of 5 microneedles, and the coated IIV was delivered into skin at high efficiency within minutes. The coated MNs were used to immunize mice in comparison with conventional intramuscular injection at the same dose. Analysis of immune responses showed that a single immunization with IIV-coated MNs induced strong antibody responses against influenza virus, with significant levels of hemagglutination inhibition activities (>1:40), which were comparable to those induced by conventional intramuscular immunization. Moreover, mice immunized by a single dose of IIV coated on MNs were effectively protected against lethal challenge by a high dose of mouse-adapted influenza virus A/PR/8/34. These results show that MNs are highly effective as a simple method of vaccine delivery to elicit protective immune responses against virus infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.