ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2009
Estrogen increases survival in an orthotopic model of glioblastoma.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Update on the effect of exogenous hormone use on glioma risk in women: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2018Pooled it
- Exogenous and endogenous hormones in relation to glioma in women: a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- The Shifting Prognostic Value of Performance Status in Aging Glioblastoma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of brain and other central nervous system cancers from 1990 to 2021, and projections to 2035: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3H3MB) suppresses glioma growth and extends survival in mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Response Assessment in Long-Term Glioblastoma Survivors Using a Multiparametric MRI-Based Prediction Model.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Prognostic and predictive determinants in high-grade gliomas: integrating tumor-intrinsic biology with patient and system-level factors.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Impact of Sex Hormones on Glioblastoma: Sex-Related Differences and Neuroradiological Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genetic Prognostic Factors in Adult Diffuse Gliomas: A 10-Year Experience at a Single Institution.Cancers · 2024Article
- Do the indices of deprivation or smoking affect post-operative 1-year mortality in patients undergoing a craniotomy for a brain tumour in a public healthcare system?Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Article
- The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Sex-specific radiomic features of L-[S-methyl-Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Hormone exposure and its suppressive effect on risk of high-grade gliomas among patients with breast cancer.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2021Article
- Estrogen Receptors as Molecular Targets of Endocrine Therapy for Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma.Cells · 2021Review
- Prognosis of Oligodendroglioma Patients Stratified by Age: A SEER Population-Based Analysis.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
- Mifepristone Repurposing in Treatment of High-Grade Gliomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the male preponderance for developing glial tumors and a body of published literature that suggests a female gender advantage for long term survival in both human and animal studies, there have been relatively few rigorous investigations into the hormonal effects on glial tumor growth. In a previous study, we concluded that estrogen played a major role in the female survival bias seen in an intracerebral nude rat model of glioblastoma multiforme. Here we explore the potential therapeutic effect of exogenous estradiol delivery in nude rats with orthotopic glioblastoma tumors and examine the mechanism of action of estradiol on reducing tumor growth in this animal model. We administered estradiol, in several dosing regimens, to male, female and ovariectomized nude rats in a survival study. Brain sections, taken at various time points in tumor progression, were analyzed for estrogen receptor protein, proliferative index and apoptotic index. Estradiol increased survival of male, female and ovariectomized nude rats with intracerebral U87MG tumors, in a gender specific manner. The estradiol mediated effect occurred early in tumor progression, and appeared to be caused in-part by an increase in apoptotic activity. It remains unclear if estradiol's effect is direct or indirect and if it is estrogen receptor mediated. Estradiol-based or adjunctive therapy may be beneficial in treating GBM and further study is clearly warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.