ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
OX40 engagement and chemotherapy combination provides potent antitumor immunity with concomitant regulatory T cell apoptosis.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficient discovery of an agonistic anti-OX40 nanobody by epitope-directed approach to address enrichment-driven epitope bias.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Immunogenic tumor cell death and T-cell-derived IFN-γ elicit tumoricidal macrophages to potentiate OX40 immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- OX40 signaling in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of action, translational applications, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- OX40/OX40L: a new target for tumor immunotherapy and its clinical research progress.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Exploration of Agents Targeting Tumor Microenvironment: Challenges and Future Perspectives.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2024Review
- Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- Review
- Integrated BATF transcriptional network regulates suppressive intratumoral regulatory T cells.Science immunology · 2023Article
- OX40L-expressing recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara induces potent antitumor immunity via reprogramming Tregs.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Targeting post-translational modifications of Foxp3: a new paradigm for regulatory T cell-specific therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic potential of TNFR2 agonists: a mechanistic perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic targeting of regulatory T cells in cancer.Trends in cancer · 2022Review
- Tumor-infiltrating OX40Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Article
- Revisiting the melanomagenic pathways and current therapeutic approaches.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- First-In-Human Phase I Study of the OX40 Agonist MOXR0916 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Article
- Protean role of epigenetic mechanisms and their impact in regulating the Tregs in TME.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Article
- Review
- Enhancing immunotherapy in cancer by targeting emerging immunomodulatory pathways.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2022Review
- Cyclophosphamide enhances the antitumor potency of GITR engagement by increasing oligoclonal cytotoxic T cell fitness.JCI insight · 2021Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Expansion and recruitment of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T reg) cells are mechanisms used by growing tumors to evade immune elimination. In addition to expansion of effector T cells, successful therapeutic interventions may require reduction of T reg cells within the tumor microenvironment. We report that the combined use of the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) and an agonist antibody targeting the co-stimulatory receptor OX40 (OX86) provides potent antitumor immunity capable of regressing established, poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma tumors. CTX administration resulted in tumor antigen release, which after OX86 treatment significantly enhanced the antitumor T cell response. We demonstrated that T reg cells are an important cellular target of the combination therapy. Paradoxically, the combination therapy led to an expansion of T reg cells in the periphery. In the tumor, however, the combination therapy induced a profound T reg cell depletion that was accompanied by an influx of effector CD8(+) T cells leading to a favorable T effector/T reg cell ratio. Closer examination revealed that diminished intratumoral T reg cell levels resulted from hyperactivation and T reg cell-specific apoptosis. Thus, we propose that CTX and OX40 engagement represents a novel and rational chemoimmunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.