ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Role for Toll-like receptor 2 in the immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mouse otitis media.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dysregulation of immune response in otitis media.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Sequential development of pathological changes in relation to bacterial loads, apoptosis, and immune responses in experimental infection of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) in Swiss albino mice.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Negative Cross-Talk between TLR2/4-Independent AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-Dependent JNK RegulatesJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- A High-Fat Diet Induces Low-Grade Cochlear Inflammation in CD-1 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Role of a novel mouse mutant of theFrontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Otitis Media.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Double deficiency of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 alters long-term neurological sequelae in mice cured of pneumococcal meningitis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Innate immunity of surfactant protein A in experimental otitis media.Innate immunity · 2019Article
- Altered Toll-Like Receptor Signalling in Children with Down Syndrome.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
- Current Understanding of Host Genetics of Otitis Media.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Review
- TLR2 promotes macrophage recruitment and Streptococcus pneumoniae clearance during mouse otitis media.Pediatric research · 2016Article
- Innate Immunity: Orchestrating Inflammation and Resolution of Otitis Media.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2016Review
- TLR4 drives the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma by promoting local inflammation and bone destruction.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Otitis media induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) in TLR2-deficient (Tlr2(-/-)) mice for developing drug therapy.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Septic encephalopathy.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2013Review
- Modulation of immune signaling, bacterial clearance, and corneal integrity by toll-like receptors during streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis.Current eye research · 2013Article
- Panel 4: Recent advances in otitis media in molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and animal models.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2013Review
- Panel 5: Microbiology and immunology panel.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen associated with otitis media. To examine the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in the middle ear, wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and TLR2-deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 x 10(6) CFU) through the tympanic membrane. Nineteen of 37 TLR2(-/-) mice showed bacteremia and died within 3 days after the challenge, compared to only 4 of 32 WT mice that died. Of those that survived, more severe hearing loss in the TLR2(-/-) mice than in the WT mice was indicated by an elevation in auditory-evoked brain stem response thresholds at 3 or 7 days postinoculation. The histological pathology was characterized by effusion and tissue damage in the middle ear, and in the TLR2(-/-) mice, the outcome of infection became more severe at 7 days. At both 3 and 7 days postchallenge, the TLR2(-/-) mice had higher blood bacterial titers than the WT mice (P < 0.05), and typical bacteria were identified in the effusion from both ears of both mouse groups by acridine orange staining. Moreover, by 3 days postchallenge, the mRNA accumulation levels of NF-kappaB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, MIP1alpha, Muc5ac, and Muc5b were significantly lower in the ears of TLR2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. In summary, TLR2(-/-) mice may produce relatively low levels of proinflammatory cytokines following pneumococcal challenge, thus hindering the clearance of bacteria from the middle ear and leading to sepsis and a high mortality rate. This study provides evidence that TLR2 is important in the molecular pathogenesis and host response to otitis media.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.