ArticleBMC public health2009
Pilot evaluation of a walking school bus program in a low-income, urban community.
Article in BMC public health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00402701 (Pedestrian Behavior Following Implementation of a Walking School Bus), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pedestrian Behavior Following Implementation of a Walking School Bus
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of public policy on socioeconomic equity in physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Parental barriers to active transport to school: a systematic review.International journal of public health · 2020Pooled it
- Guideline
- Do Interventions to Increase Walking Work? A Systematic Review of Interventions in Children and Adolescents.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- Population approaches to improve diet, physical activity, and smoking habits: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2012Guideline
- A systematic review of interventions for promoting active transportation to school.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2011Pooled it
- Organisational travel plans for improving health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2010Pooled it
- Evaluation of a walking school bus program: a cluster randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Trial
- Bicycle Trains, Cycling, and Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster RCT.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Trial
- The influence of the built environment on outcomes from a "walking school bus study": a cross-sectional analysis using geographical information systems.Geospatial health · 2014Trial
- The walking school bus and children's physical activity: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial.Pediatrics · 2011Trial
- Understanding the synergies among factors shaping parents' intention to use walking school buses.Npj sustainable mobility and transport · 2026Article
- Mobile Subthreshold Exercise Program (MSTEP) for concussion: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2022Article
- Program Evaluation of Environmental and Policy Approaches to Physical Activity Promotion in a Lower Income Latinx School District in Southeast Los Angeles.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Walking School Bus Programs: Implementation Factors, Implementation Outcomes, and Student Outcomes, 2017-2018.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
- Active travelling to school is not associated with increased total daily physical activity levels, or reduced obesity and cardiovascular/pulmonary health parameters in 10-12-year olds: a cross-sectional cohort study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2020Article
- Physical activity and social connectedness interventions in outdoor spaces among children and youth: a rapid review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2020Review
- Impact of an Australian state-wide active travel campaign targeting primary schools.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice : The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts).International journal of behavioral medicine · 2017Article
- Effects of a school-based intervention on active commuting to school and health-related fitness.BMC public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the impact of a walking school bus (WSB) program on student transport in a low-income, urban neighborhood.
methodsThe design was a controlled, quasi-experimental trial with consecutive cross-sectional assessments. The setting was three urban, socioeconomically disadvantaged, public elementary schools (1 intervention vs. 2 controls) in Seattle, Washington, USA. Participants were ethnically diverse students in kindergarten-5th grade (aged 5-11 years). The intervention was a WSB program consisting of a part-time WSB coordinator and parent volunteers. Students' method of transportation to school was assessed by a classroom survey at baseline and one-year follow-up. The Pearson Chi-squared test compared students transported to school at the intervention versus control schools at each time point. Due to multiple testing, we calculated adjusted p-values using the Ryan-Holm stepdown Bonferroni procedure. McNemar's test was used to examine the change from baseline to 12-month follow-up for walking versus all other forms of school transport at the intervention or control schools.
resultsAt baseline, the proportions of students (n = 653) walking to the intervention (20% +/- 2%) or control schools (15% +/- 2%) did not differ (p = 0.39). At 12-month follow up, higher proportions of students (n = 643, p = 0.001)) walked to the intervention (25% +/- 2%) versus the control schools (7% +/- 1%). No significant changes were noted in the proportion of students riding in a car or taking the school bus at baseline or 12-month follow up (all p > 0.05). Comparing baseline to 12-month follow up, the numbers of students who walked to the intervention school increased while the numbers of students who used the other forms of transport did not change (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the numbers of students who walked to the control schools decreased while the numbers of students who used the other forms of transport did not change (p < 0.0001).
conclusionA WSB program is a promising intervention among urban, low-income elementary school students that may promote favorable changes toward active transport to school.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00402701.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.