ArticleLetters in applied microbiology2009
Effects of temperature and humidity on the efficacy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus challenged antimicrobial materials containing silver and copper.
Article in Letters in applied microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Assessing antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal efficacy of non-porous materials using small droplet transfer: the simulated splash method.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Does Extreme Wettability Matter: The Effect of Copper Wettability on Infection Spread through Hospital Surfaces.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Copper strontium phosphate glasses with high antimicrobial efficacy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Superhydrophobic CuONPs/TiOACS omega · 2024Article
- A realistic approach for evaluating antimicrobial surfaces for dry surface exposure scenarios.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of antibacterial activity and influencing factors of normal and nanostructured copper-based materials.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Micro-Addition of Silver to Copper: One Small Step in Composition, a Change for a Giant Leap in Biocidal Activity.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Antibacterial activity of solid surfaces is critically dependent on relative humidity, inoculum volume, and organic soiling.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Methods to assess antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral surfaces in relation to touch and droplet transfer: a review, gap-analysis and suggested approaches.Access microbiology · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial non-porous surfaces: a comparison of the standards ISO 22196:2011 and the recently published ISO 7581:2023.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Characteristics and Key Features of Antimicrobial Materials and Associated Mechanisms for Diverse Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Variability in Donor Lung Culture and Relative Humidity Impact the Stability of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus on Nonporous Surfaces.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Enhancing Biocidal Capability in Cuprite Coatings.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Demonstrating the In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial Activity of Oxide Mineral Microspheres: An Innovative Technology to Be Incorporated into Porous and Nonporous Materials.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Antiviral and Antibacterial Cold Spray Coating Application on Rubber Substrate, Disruption in Disease Transmission Chain.Journal of thermal spray technology · 2023Review
- Significance of additive manufacturing amidst the pandemic.Materials today. Proceedings · 2023Article
- The antibacterial potency and antibacterial mechanism of a commercially available surface-anchoring quaternary ammonium salt (SAQAS)-based biocide in vitro.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation-A Field Study in Buses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo compare silver and copper, metals with known antimicrobial properties, by evaluating the effects of temperature and humidity on efficacy by challenging with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS AND
resultsUsing standard methodology described in a globally used Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS Z 2801, a silver ion-containing material exhibited >5 log reduction in MRSA viability after 24 h at >90% relative humidity (RH) at 20 degrees C and 35 degrees C but only a <0.3 log at approximately 22% RH and 20 degrees C and no reduction at approximately 22% RH and 35 degrees C. Copper alloys demonstrated >5 log reductions under all test conditions.
conclusionsWhile the high humidity (>90% RH) and high temperature (35 degrees C) utilized in JIS Z 2801 produce measurable efficacy in a silver ion-containing material, it showed no significant response at lower temperature and humidity levels typical of indoor environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The high efficacy levels displayed by the copper alloys, at temperature and humidity levels typical of indoor environments, compared to the low efficacy of the silver ion-containing material under the same conditions, favours the use of copper alloys as antimicrobial materials in indoor environments such as hospitals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.