ArticleNature structural & molecular biology2009
Active nuclear import and cytoplasmic retention of activation-induced deaminase.
Article in Nature structural & molecular biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Human antibody heavy chain variable region exon interacts with the 3' regulatory region to form a stable somatic hypermutation center.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A cryptic START domain regulates deeply conserved transcription factors.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- B cell receptor stimulation inhibits class switch recombination through elevated DNA repair.DNA repair · 2026Article
- APOBEC2 safeguards skeletal muscle cell fate through binding chromatin and regulating transcription of non-muscle genes during myoblast differentiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Review
- APEX3 - An Optimized Tool for Rapid and Unbiased Proximity Labeling.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Article
- The off-target effects of AID in carcinogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Ancestral reconstruction reveals catalytic inactivation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase concomitant with cold water adaption in the Gadiformes bony fish.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Functions and consequences of AID/APOBEC-mediated DNA and RNA deamination.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2022Review
- Inflammation accelerates BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL development through upregulation of AID.Blood advances · 2022Article
- C-terminal deletion-induced condensation sequesters AID from IgH targets in immunodeficiency.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Human activation-induced deaminase lacks strong replicative strand bias or preference for cytosines in hairpin loops.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- USP10 regulates B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 or HIV-1 nanoparticle vaccines through deubiquitinating AID.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Article
- Mutagenic Activity of AID/APOBEC Deaminases in Antiviral Defense and Carcinogenesis.Molecular biology · 2022Article
- The Role of APOBECs in Viral Replication.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Disease-associated CTNNBL1 mutation impairs somatic hypermutation by decreasing nuclear AID.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Plasma cells, plasmablasts, and AIDHistochemistry and cell biology · 2020Article
- AID in Antibody Diversification: There and Back Again.Trends in immunology · 2020Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The enzyme activation-induced deaminase (AID) triggers antibody diversification in B cells by catalyzing deamination and consequently mutation of immunoglobulin genes. To minimize off-target deamination, AID is restrained by several regulatory mechanisms including nuclear exclusion, thought to be mediated exclusively by active nuclear export. Here we identify two other mechanisms involved in controlling AID subcellular localization. AID is unable to passively diffuse into the nucleus, despite its small size, and its nuclear entry requires active import mediated by a conformational nuclear localization signal. We also identify in its C terminus a determinant for AID cytoplasmic retention, which hampers diffusion to the nucleus, competes with nuclear import and is crucial for maintaining the predominantly cytoplasmic localization of AID in steady-state conditions. Blocking nuclear import alters the balance between these processes in favor of cytoplasmic retention, resulting in reduced isotype class switching.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.