Trial reportBiological psychiatry2009
Neural origins of human sickness in interoceptive responses to inflammation.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02628054 (Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers), which is not on this map. Cited by 166 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.
- A working model linking the psychopathology and pathophysiology of major depressive disorder - an umbrella review of neuroimaging studies and a conceptual framework.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of parasitic infection on mental health and illness in humans in Africa: a systematic review.Parasitology · 2022Pooled it
- Autonomic, Endocrine, and Inflammation Profiles in Functional Neurological Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Functional neuroanatomy of peripheral inflammatory physiology: A meta-analysis of human neuroimaging studies.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational deficits and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre blend on inflammation, the gut microbiota and affective symptoms in metabolic syndrome: a pilot open-label randomised controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Impact of ibuprofen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma on emotion-related neural activation: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Lipopolysaccharide Alters Motivated Behavior in a Monetary Reward Task: a Randomized Trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Effects of typhoid vaccine on inflammation and sleep in healthy participants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- A Neurocomputational Account of How Inflammation Enhances Sensitivity to Punishments Versus Rewards.Biological psychiatry · 2016Trial
- Effects of inflammation on hippocampus and substantia nigra responses to novelty in healthy human participants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Peripheral inflammation acutely impairs human spatial memory via actions on medial temporal lobe glucose metabolism.Biological psychiatry · 2014Trial
- Central autonomic network mediates cardiovascular responses to acute inflammation: relevance to increased cardiovascular risk in depression?Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2013Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab for treatment-resistant depression: the role of baseline inflammatory biomarkers.JAMA psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Glucose metabolism in the insula and cingulate is affected by systemic inflammation in humans.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2012Trial
- Neural sensitivity to social rejection is associated with inflammatory responses to social stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Trial
- Inflammation and social experience: an inflammatory challenge induces feelings of social disconnection in addition to depressed mood.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2010Trial
- Inflammation causes mood changes through alterations in subgenual cingulate activity and mesolimbic connectivity.Biological psychiatry · 2009Trial
- Prevalence of post-concussion-like symptoms in children and adolescents in Germany: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammation is associated with psychological, emotional, and behavioral disturbance, known as sickness behavior. Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in coordinating this central motivational reorientation accompanying peripheral immunologic responses to pathogens. Studies in rodents suggest an afferent interoceptive neural mechanism, although comparable data in humans are lacking.
methodsIn a double-blind, randomized crossover study, 16 healthy male volunteers received typhoid vaccination or saline (placebo) injection in two experimental sessions. Profile of Mood State questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 2 and 3 hours. Two hours after injection, participants performed a high-demand color word Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Blood samples were performed at baseline and immediately after scanning.
resultsTyphoid but not placebo injection produced a robust inflammatory response indexed by increased circulating interleukin-6 accompanied by a significant increase in fatigue, confusion, and impaired concentration at 3 hours. Performance of the Stroop task under inflammation activated brain regions encoding representations of internal bodily state. Spatial and temporal characteristics of this response are consistent with interoceptive information flow via afferent autonomic fibers. During performance of this task, activity within interoceptive brain regions also predicted individual differences in inflammation-associated but not placebo-associated fatigue and confusion. Maintenance of cognitive performance, despite inflammation-associated fatigue, led to recruitment of additional prefrontal cortical regions.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that peripheral infection selectively influences central nervous system function to generate core symptoms of sickness and reorient basic motivational states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.