ReviewVeterinary research
Changing patterns of West Nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility.
Review in Veterinary research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue tropism, pathology, and pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection in saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- First Detection of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Loss of West Nile virus genetic diversity during mosquito infection due to species-dependent population bottlenecks.iScience · 2023Article
- Ecological Niche Modeling ofViruses · 2023Article
- Intracellular Diversity of WNV within Circulating Avian Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Host-Dependent Patterns of Polyinfection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intracellular diversity of WNV within circulating avian peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals host-dependent patterns of polyinfection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Establishment of a Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Cell Line and its Permissiveness to Arbovirus Infection.Journal of medical entomology · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- West Nile Virus diffusion in temperate regions and climate change. A systematic review.Le infezioni in medicina · 2022Review
- Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis of the complete genome of the West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-2) in the Mediterranean basin.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Cerebral Organoids Derived from a Parkinson's Patient Exhibit Unique Pathogenesis from Chikungunya Virus Infection When Compared to a Non-Parkinson's Patient.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Global emergence of West Nile virus: Threat & preparedness in special perspective to India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
- Immunopathogenesis of Different Emerging Viral Infections: Evasion, Fatal Mechanism, and Prevention.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic.Environmental sustainability (Singapore) · 2021Review
- How virus size and attachment parameters affect the temperature sensitivity of virus binding to host cells: Predictions of a thermodynamic model for arboviruses and HIV.Microbial risk analysis · 2020Article
- Strain-Dependent Activity of Zika Virus and Exposure History in Serological Diagnostics.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
- Article
- On the Fly: Interactions Between Birds, Mosquitoes, and Environment That Have Molded West Nile Virus Genomic Structure Over Two Decades.Journal of medical entomology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus (Flaviviridae) transmitted between Culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts. The virus has dramatically expanded its geographic range in the past ten years. Increases in global commerce, climate change, ecological factors and the emergence of novel viral genotypes likely play significant roles in the emergence of this virus; however, the exact mechanism and relative importance of each is uncertain. Previously WNV was primarily associated with febrile illness of children in endemic areas, but it was identified as a cause of neurological disease in humans in 1994. This modulation in disease presentation could be the result of the emergence of a more virulent genotype as well as the progression of the virus into areas in which the age structure of immunologically naïve individuals makes them more susceptible to severe neurological disease. Since its introduction to North America in 1999, a novel WNV genotype has been identified that has been demonstrated to disseminate more rapidly and with greater efficiency at elevated temperatures than the originally introduced strain, indicating the potential importance of temperature as a selective criteria for the emergence of WNV genotypes with increased vectorial capacity. Even prior to the North American introduction, a mutation associated with increased replication in avian hosts, identified to be under adaptive evolutionary pressure, has been identified, indicating that adaptation for increased replication within vertebrate hosts could play a role in increased transmission efficiency. Although stable in its evolutionary structure, WNV has demonstrated the capacity for rapidly adapting to both vertebrate hosts and invertebrate vectors and will likely continue to exploit novel ecological niches as it adapts to novel transmission foci.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.