ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2009
What influences literacy outcome in children with speech sound disorder?
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the association between DCDC2 polymorphisms and risk of dyslexia.Molecular neurobiology · 2013Pooled it
- Toward Preventing Speech and Language Disorders of Known Genetic Origin: First Post-Intervention Results of Babble Boot Camp in Children With Classic Galactosemia.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2021Trial
- Development of a Child Articulation Screening Test Within Digital Therapeutics: Delphi Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Associations Between Language, Speech Sound, and Learning Disorders.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Speech Error Subtypes and Their Association With Phonological Awareness in School-Aged Children and Young Adults.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Navajo Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Listening and Processing Skills in Young School Children with a History of Developmental Phonological Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Preliteracy Skills Mediate the Relation Between Early Speech Sound Production and Subsequent Reading Outcomes.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- Spelling Proficiency of Children with a Resolved Phonological Speech Sound Disorder Treated with an Integrated Approach-A Long-Term Follow-Up Randomized Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Speech-Language Pathologists' Endorsement of Speech, Language, and Literacy Myths Reveals Persistent Research-Practice Gap.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2023Article
- Speech Error Variability and Phonological Awareness in Preschoolers.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Review
- Sequencing Deficits and Phonological Speech Errors, But Not Articulation Errors, Predict Later Literacy Skills.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2022Article
- The Functional Neuroanatomy of Reading Intervention.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Clinical Utility of Repeated Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonation for Patients with Childhood Apraxia of Speech.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The effect of early hormonal treatment (EHT) on expressive and receptive language capabilities in boys with 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) during infancy and early childhood.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2021Article
- Linguistic Predictors of Single-Word Spelling in First Grade Students with Speech and/or Language Impairments.Remedial and special education : RASE · 2021Article
- Educational outcomes associated with persistent speech disorder.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2021Article
- Breadth versus depth: Cumulative risk model and continuous measure prediction of poor language and reading outcomes at 12.Developmental science · 2021Article
- In Search of Cognitive Promotive and Protective Factors for Word Reading.Scientific studies of reading : the official journal of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading · 2021Article
- Early neurodevelopmental and medical profile in children with sex chromosome trisomies: Background for the prospective eXtraordinarY babies study to identify early risk factors and targets for intervention.American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics · 2020Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn this study, the authors evaluated literacy outcome in children with histories of speech sound disorder (SSD) who were characterized along 2 dimensions: broader language function and persistence of SSD. In previous studies, authors have demonstrated that each dimension relates to literacy but have not disentangled their effects. Methods Two groups of children (86 SSD and 37 controls) were recruited at ages 5-6 and were followed longitudinally. The authors report the literacy of children with SSD at ages 7-9, compared with controls and national norms, and relative to language skill and SSD persistence (both measured at age 5-6).
resultsThe SSD group demonstrated elevated rates of reading disability. Language skill but not SSD persistence predicted later literacy. However, SSD persistence was associated with phonological awareness impairments. Phonological awareness alone predicted literacy outcome less well than a model that also included syntax and nonverbal IQ.
conclusionsResults support previous literature findings that SSD history predicts literacy difficulties and that the association is strongest for SSD + language impairment (LI). Magnitude of phonological impairment alone did not determine literacy outcome, as predicted by the core phonological deficit hypothesis. Instead, consistent with a multiple deficit approach, phonological deficits appeared to interact with other cognitive factors in literacy development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.